Not as golden as standards should be: Interpretation of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression
Abstract
Background The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) is one of the most frequently used instruments in antidepressant trials.Methods We examined different recommendations for classification of subjects according to depression severity by the HRSD.Results Several differences between recommendations were identified leading to the conclusion that a consensus on interpretation is largely missing.Limitations Brief narrative review.Conclusions Widely accepted standards for the interpretation of scores on the HRSD are needed.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A final HDRS rating of seven or less can be interpreted to mean the patient is not depressed.
“According to Kriston and von Wolff [72], a final rating of seven or less can be interpreted to mean the patient is not depressed.”
From Metacognitive Training for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [72]
Cites
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817 · see citing works
Antidepressant Drug Effects and Depression Severity: A Patient-Level Meta-analysis
Fournier, J. C., DeRubeis, R. J., Hollon, S. D., Dimidjian, S., Amsterdam, J. D., Shelton, R. C., & Fawcett, J. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1943 · Cited by 2,009 · see citing works
Handbook of Psychiatric Measures
Rush, A. J., First, M. B., & Blacker, D. (2000) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 846 · see citing works
St John's wort for major depression
Linde, K., Berner, M. M., & Kriston, L. (2008) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000448.pub3 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Self-citationStandardizing the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale: past, present, and future
Williams, J. B. W. (2001) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/bf03035120 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
A Comparison of Depression Rating Scales
Kearns, N. P., Cruickshank, C. A., McGuigan, K. J., Riley, S., Shaw, S. P., & Snaith, R. P. (1982) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.141.1.45 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Handbook of Clinical Rating Scales and Assessment in Psychiatry and Mental Health
Baer, L., & Blais, M. A. (2009) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-387-5 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Zimmerman, M., Chelminski, I., & Posternak, M. (2004) · Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000138226.22761.39 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Evidence-Based Guidelines for Interpretation of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression
Furukawa, T. A., Akechi, T., Azuma, H., Okuyama, T., & Higuchi, T. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e31814f30b1 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
The Bech, Hamilton and Zung Scales for Mood Disorders: Screening and Listening
Bech, P. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-61169-8 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Validating a functional near-infrared spectroscopy diagnostic paradigm for Major Depressive Disorder
Husain, S. F., Yu, R., Tang, T.-B., Tam, W. W., Tran, B., Quek, T. T., Hwang, S.-H., Chang, C. W., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66784-2 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Kurokawa, S., Kishimoto, T., Mizuno, S., Masaoka, T., Naganuma, M., Liang, K.-C., Kitazawa, M., Nakashima, M., Shindo, C., Suda, W., et al. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.038 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Baumeister, H. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.05.025 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Hieronymus, F., Lisinski, A., Nilsson, S., & Eriksson, E. (2019) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30216-0 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Radically open dialectical behaviour therapy for refractory depression: the RefraMED RCT
Lynch, T. R., Hempel, R. J., Whalley, B., Byford, S., Chamba, R., Clarke, P., Clarke, S., Kingdon, D., O’Mahen, H., Remington, B., et al. (2018) · Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation · doi:10.3310/eme05070 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Miegel, F., Demiralay, C., Moritz, S., Wirtz, J., Hottenrott, B., & Jelinek, L. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02648-3 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“According to Kriston and von Wolff [72], a final rating of seven or less can be interpreted to mean the patient is not depressed.”
Background
- Authors
- Kriston, L., & von Wolff, A.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Kriston, Levente
- ORCID
- Kriston, Levente
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 128
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 175-177
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2144657080
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01KG0923)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, depression severity, score interpretation, antidepressant trials
- MeSH terms
- Antidepressive Agents, Clinical Trials as Topic, Depression, Humans, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Treatment Outcome, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Practice Guidelines as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review