Cited by 117Circadian rhythm and melatoninImpact of Light on Environment and HealthSleep and related disorders

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Exposure to light at night and risk of depression in the elderly.

Obayashi, Kenji, Saeki, Keigo, Iwamoto, Junko, Ikada, Yoshito, Kurumatani, Norio·2013·Journal of Affective Disorders

DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.018

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Abstract

Background Recent advances in understanding the fundamental links between chronobiology and depressive disorders have enabled exploring novel risk factors for depression in the field of biological rhythms. Increased exposure to light at night (LAN) is common in modern life, and LAN exposure is associated with circadian misalignment. However, whether LAN exposure in home settings is associated with depression remains unclear. Methods We measured the intensities of nighttime bedroom light and ambulatory daytime light along with overnight urinary melatonin excretion (UME) in 516 elderly individuals (mean age, 72.8). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale. Results The median nighttime light intensity was 0.8lx (interquartile range, 0.2-3.3). The depressed group (n=101) revealed significantly higher prevalence of LAN exposure (average intensity, ≥ 5 lx) compared with that of the nondepressed group (n=415) using a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for daytime light exposure, insomnia, hypertension, sleep duration, and physical activity [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10-3.25; P=0.02]. Consistently, another parameter of LAN exposure (duration of intensity ≥ 10 lx, ≥ 30 min) was significantly more prevalent in the depressed than in the nondepressed group (adjusted OR: 1.71; 95% CI, 1.01-2.89; P=0.046). In contrast, UME was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Limitation Cross-sectional analysis. Conclusion These results suggested that LAN exposure in home settings is significantly associated with depressive symptoms in the general elderly population. The risk of depression may be reduced by keeping nighttime bedroom dark.

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Authors: Obayashi, K., Saeki, K., Iwamoto, J., Ikada, Y., & Kurumatani, N.
Affiliations: Nara Medical University (JP)
Tenri Health Care University (JP)
Corresponding author: Obayashi, Kenji
ORCID: Obayashi, Kenji
Saeki, Keigo
Venue: Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2013-10
Volume: 151
Issue: 1
Pages: 331-336
ISSN: 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.018
OpenAlex: W2011293479
Cited by: 117
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 1
FWCI: 2.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Japan Diabetes Foundation
Japan Science and Technology Agency
Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare
Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Welfare Foundation
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
Osaka Gas Group Welfare Foundation
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Impact of Light on Environment and Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Keywords: light at night, depression, older adults, circadian misalignment, urinary melatonin, depressive symptoms, chronobiology, biological rhythms, insomnia, sleep duration
MeSH terms: Aged, Circadian Rhythm, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Humans, Light, Male, Melatonin, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors

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Exposure to light at night and risk of depression in the elderly.

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