The dark side of light at night: physiological, epidemiological, and ecological consequences
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Abstract: Organisms must adapt to the temporal characteristics of their surroundings to successfully survive and reproduce. Variation in the daily light cycle, for example, acts through endocrine and neurobiological mechanisms to control several downstream physiological and behavioral processes. Interruptions in normal circadian light cycles and the resulting disruption of normal melatonin rhythms cause widespread disruptive effects involving multiple body systems, the results of which can have serious medical consequences for individuals, as well as large‐scale ecological implications for populations. With the invention of electrical lights about a century ago, the temporal organization of the environment has been drastically altered for many species, including humans. In addition to the incidental exposure to light at night through light pollution, humans also engage in increasing amounts of shift‐work, resulting in repeated and often long‐term circadian disruption. The increasing prevalence of exposure to light at night has significant social, ecological, behavioral, and health consequences that are only now becoming apparent. This review addresses the complicated web of potential behavioral and physiological consequences resulting from exposure to light at night, as well as the large‐scale medical and ecological implications that may result.
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Global Change and the Ecology of Cities
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Artificial Night Lighting Affects Dawn Song, Extra-Pair Siring Success, and Lay Date in Songbirds
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Artificial light at night advances avian reproductive physiology
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Timing of light exposure affects mood and brain circuits
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Self-citationCircadian System and Glucose Metabolism: Implications for Physiology and Disease
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Cloud Coverage Acts as an Amplifier for Ecological Light Pollution in Urban Ecosystems
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A framework to assess evolutionary responses to anthropogenic light and sound
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Circadian photoreception: ageing and the eye's important role in systemic health
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Spectral Identification of Lighting Type and Character
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Pollination by nocturnal L epidoptera, and the effects of light pollution: a review
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Impacts of artificial lighting on bats: a review of challenges and solutions
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Rotating Night-Shift Work and the Risk of Breast Cancer in the Nurses' Health Studies
Wegrzyn, L. R., Tamimi, R. M., Rosner, B. A., Brown, S. B., Stevens, R. G., Eliassen, A. H., Laden, F., Willett, W. C., Hankinson, S. E., & Schernhammer, E. S. (2017) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwx140 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
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Peirson, S. N., Brown, L. A., Pothecary, C. A., Benson, L. A., & Fisk, A. S. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.04.007 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
“…the dim light phase, these studies have shown a wide range of adverse effects, including changes in weight, metabolism, immune function, cognition, anxiety and affective responses (Bedrosian et al., 2013; Fonken et al., 2009; Fonken and Nelson, 2014; Fonken et al., 2013; Navara and Nelson, 2007).”
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Light pollution disrupts sleep in free-living animals
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Contrasting trends in light pollution across Europe based on satellite observed night time lights
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Sleep hygiene for children with neurodevelopmental disabilities
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Protecting the Melatonin Rhythm through Circadian Healthy Light Exposure
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Light Pollution, Circadian Photoreception, and Melatonin in Vertebrates
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Aerial survey and spatial analysis of sources of light pollution in Berlin, Germany
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Influence of light at night on murine anxiety- and depressive-like responses
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Self-citationConserving energy at a cost to biodiversity? Impacts of LED lighting on bats
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Worldwide variations in artificial skyglow
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Restless roosts: Light pollution affects behavior, sleep, and physiology in a free‐living songbird
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Light pollution alters the phenology of dawn and dusk singing in common European songbirds
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Influence of the modern light environment on mood
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Self-citationThe trouble with circadian clock dysfunction: Multiple deleterious effects on the brain and body
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Rotating Shift Work and Menstrual Cycle Characteristics
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Redefining efficiency for outdoor lighting
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Clocks for the city: circadian differences between forest and city songbirds
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Urban ecology and urban ecosystems: understanding the links to human health and well-being
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Light pollution is associated with earlier tree budburst across the United Kingdom
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Light exposure during sleep impairs cardiometabolic function
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The ecological impact of city lighting scenarios: exploring gap crossing thresholds for urban bats
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Biomarkers of oxidative status: missing tools in conservation physiology
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Brains in the city: Neurobiological effects of urbanization
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Self-citationDisruption of Circadian Rhythms: A Crucial Factor in the Etiology of Depression
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Environmental pollution and mental health: a narrative review of literature
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Benefits and costs of artificial nighttime lighting of the environment
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Circadian Rhythms of the Hypothalamus: From Function to Physiology
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Sleepless in Town – Drivers of the Temporal Shift in Dawn Song in Urban European Blackbirds
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Left Habenula Mediates Light-Preference Behavior in Zebrafish via an Asymmetrical Visual Pathway
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Self-citationLight Pollution as a New Risk Factor for Human Breast and Prostate Cancers
Haim, A., & Portnov, B. A. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6220-6 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Demographic effects of artificial nighttime lighting on animal populations
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Physical behaviour of anthropogenic light propagation into the nocturnal environment
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Artificial light alters natural regimes of night-time sky brightness
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Dim light at night disturbs the daily sleep-wake cycle in the rat
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Understanding light pollution: Recent advances on its health threats and regulations
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Do artificially illuminated skies affect biodiversity in nocturnal landscapes?
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Red is the new black: how the colour of urban skyglow varies with cloud cover
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Exposure to light at night and risk of depression in the elderly.
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Circadian Clock Regulation on Lipid Metabolism and Metabolic Diseases
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Long-Term Space Nutrition: A Scoping Review
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A new source for high spatial resolution night time images — The EROS-B commercial satellite
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Jones, T. M., Durrant, J., Michaelides, E. B., & Green, M. P. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0122 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
- Authors
- Navara, K. J., & Nelson, R. J.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Navara, Kristen J.
- Venue
- Journal of Pineal Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-06-25
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 215-224
- ISSN
- 0742-3098 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-079X
- OpenAlex
- W2111092972
- Cited by
- 795
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 67 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 1.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Pineal Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0416897)
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-57535, R01MH057535, R01MH066144, MH-66144)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (T32AI055411)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Impact of Light on Environment and Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- light at night, light pollution, circadian rhythm disruption, melatonin, circadian rhythm, shift work, health effects, ecological consequences, behavioral effects, physiological effects
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biological Clocks, Darkness, Disease, Ecology, Humans, Work, Oxidative Stress
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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