How might circadian rhythms control mood? Let me count the ways
Open accessAbstract
Mood disorders are serious diseases that affect a large portion of the population. There have been many hypotheses put forth over the years to explain the development of major depression, bipolar disorder, and other mood disorders. These hypotheses include disruptions in monoamine transmission, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis function, immune function, neurogenesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuropeptide signaling (to name a few). Nearly all people suffering from mood disorders have significant disruptions in circadian rhythms and the sleep/wake cycle. In fact, altered sleep patterns are one of the major diagnostic criteria for these disorders. Moreover, environmental disruptions to circadian rhythms, including shift work, travel across time zones, and irregular social schedules, tend to precipitate or exacerbate mood-related episodes. Recent studies have found that molecular clocks are found throughout the brain and body where they participate in the regulation of most physiological processes, including those thought to be involved in mood regulation. This review will summarize recent data that implicate the circadian system as a vital regulator of a variety of systems that are thought to play a role in the development of mood disorders.
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Recent work on circadian factors influencing risk of affective disorders has revealed extensive interactions between key emotion regulatory neurotransmitters such as dopamine and the genes controlling the molecular circadian clock.
“Recent work on circadian factors influencing risk of affective disorders have revealed extensive interactions between key emotion regulatory neurotransmitters such as dopamine and the genes controlling the molecular circadian clock (McClung, 2007(McClung, , 2011(McClung, , 2013)).”
From Physiological feelings (2019) · cites this paper as McClung, 2013
A major component of many mood, anxiety and psychotic disorders is a disrupted sleep-wake cycle.
“A major component of many mood, anxiety and psychotic disorders is a disrupted sleep–wake cycle183–188”
From Rhythms of life: circadian disruption and brain disorders across the lifespan (2019) · cites this paper as [184]
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Dolci, C., Montaruli, A., Roveda, E., Barajon, I., Vizzotto, L., Zucconi, G. G., & Carandente, F. (2003) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2003.09.018 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Direction-dependent effects of chronic “jet-lag” on hippocampal neurogenesis
Kott, J., Leach, G., & Yan, L. (2012) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2012.03.048 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Differential effects of chronic social stress and fluoxetine on meal patterns in mice
Kumar, J., Chuang, J.-C., Na, E. S., Kuperman, A., Gillman, A. G., Mukherjee, S., Zigman, J. M., McClung, C. A., & Lutter, M. L. (2013) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.12.023 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationde Carvalho, L. A., Garner, B., Dew, T. K., Fazakerley, H., & Pariante, C. M. (2010) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2010.02.006 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Dopamine acts through Cryptochrome to promote acute arousal in DrosophilaPreprint
Kumar, S., Chen, D., & Sehgal, A. (2012) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.186338.111 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Gilhooley, M. J., Pinnock, S. B., & Herbert, J. (2010) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2010.12.011 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Beynon, A. L., & Coogan, A. N. (2010) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2010.501927 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Applying Neuroimaging Ligands to Study Major Depressive Disorder
Meyer, J. H. (2008) · Seminars in Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2008.02.007 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Food for Thoughts: Feeding Time and Hormonal Secretion
Feillet, C. A. (2010) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.01998.x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Hannibal, J., Hundahl, C. A., Fahrenkrug, J., Rehfeld, J. F., & Friis-Hansen, L. J. (2010) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07385.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Ghrelin postsynaptically depolarizes dorsal raphe neurons in rats in vitro
Ogaya, M., Kim, J., & Sasaki, K. (2011) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2011.07.001 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Antidepressant-like effects of CCKB receptor antagonists: involvement of the opioid system
Hernando, F., Fuentes, J., Fournié‐Zaluski, M., Roques, B. P., & Ruiz‐Gayo, M. (1996) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(96)00773-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
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Arey, R. N., Enwright, J. F., Spencer, S. M., et al. (2013) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2013.47 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kronenberg, S. (2011) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1586/ecp.11.47 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
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Rhythms of life: circadian disruption and brain disorders across the lifespan
Logan, R. W., & McClung, C. A. (2019) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0088-y · Cited by 713 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Circadian Syndrome: is the Metabolic Syndrome and much more!
Zimmet, P., Alberti, K. G. M. M., Stern, N., Bilu, C., El‐Osta, A., Einat, H., & Kronfeld‐Schor, N. (2019) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12924 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Animal models of major depression and their clinical implications
Czéh, B., Fuchs, E., Wiborg, O., & Simon, M. (2016) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.04.004 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Chronotype and circadian rhythm in bipolar disorder: A systematic review
Melo, M. C. A., Abreu, R. L. C., Linhares Neto, V. B., de Bruin, P. F. C., & de Bruin, V. M. S. (2017) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2016.06.007 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Konjarski, M., Murray, G., Lee, V. V., & Jackson, M. L. (2018) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2018.05.005 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Pace-Schott, E. F., Amole, M. C., Aue, T., Balconi, M., Bylsma, L. M., Critchley, H., Demaree, H. A., Friedman, B. H., Gooding, A. E. K., Gosseries, O., et al. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.002 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
“Recent work on circadian factors influencing risk of affective disorders have revealed extensive interactions between key emotion regulatory neurotransmitters such as dopamine and the genes controlling the molecular circadian clock (McClung, 2007, 2011, 2013).”
Lifestyle choices and mental health: a representative population survey
Velten, J., Lavallee, K. L., Scholten, S., Meyer, A. H., Zhang, X.-C., Schneider, S., & Margraf, J. (2014) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-014-0055-y · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Calcium signalling and psychiatric disease: bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
Berridge, M. J. (2014) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-014-1806-z · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Endocrine Effects of Circadian Disruption
Bedrosian, T. A., Fonken, L. K., & Nelson, R. J. (2016) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-105102 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Links between circadian rhythms and psychiatric disease
Karatsoreos, I. N. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00162 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Circadian rhythms and addiction: Mechanistic insights and future directions.
Logan, R. W., Williams, W. P., & McClung, C. A. (2014) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0036268 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationAnimal models of bipolar mania: The past, present and future
Logan, R. W., & McClung, C. A. (2016) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.041 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Self-citationMcCarthy, M. J., Gottlieb, J. F., Gonzalez, R., McClung, C. A., Alloy, L. B., Cain, S., Dulcis, D., Etain, B., Frey, B. N., Garbazza, C., et al. (2022) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.13165 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Self-citationLuik, A. I., Zuurbier, L. A., Direk, N., Hofman, A., Van Someren, E. J. W., & Tiemeier, H. (2015) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22355 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Exposure to light at night and risk of depression in the elderly.
Obayashi, K., Saeki, K., Iwamoto, J., Ikada, Y., & Kurumatani, N. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.018 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Circadian depression: A mood disorder phenotype
Carpenter, J. S., Crouse, J. J., Scott, E. M., Naismith, S. L., Wilson, C., Scott, J., Merikangas, K. R., & Hickie, I. B. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.045 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Direct Regulation of Diurnal Drd3 Expression and Cocaine Reward by NPAS2
Ozburn, A. R., Falcon, E., Twaddle, A., Nugent, A. L., Gillman, A. G., Spencer, S. M., Arey, R. N., Mukherjee, S., Lyons-Weiler, J., Self, D. W., et al. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.07.030 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationCircadian rhythms and psychiatric profiles in young adults with unipolar depressive disorders
Robillard, R., Carpenter, J. S., Rogers, N. L., Fares, S., Grierson, A. B., Hermens, D. F., Naismith, S. L., Mullin, S. J., Feilds, K.-L., Glozier, N., et al. (2018) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-018-0255-y · Cited by 92 · see citing works
24-h activity rhythm and sleep in depressed outpatients
Hori, H., Koga, N., Hidese, S., Nagashima, A., Kim, Y., Higuchi, T., & Kunugi, H. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.02.022 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Whitney, M. S., Shemery, A. M., Yaw, A. M., Donovan, L. J., Glass, J. D., & Deneris, E. S. (2016) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1469-16.2016 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Investigating the mechanism(s) underlying switching between states in bipolar disorder
Young, J. W., & Dulcis, D. (2015) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.019 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Chronotype predicts positive affect rhythms measured by ecological momentary assessment
Miller, M. A., Rothenberger, S. D., Hasler, B. P., Donofry, S. D., Wong, P. M., Manuck, S. B., Kamarck, T. W., & Roecklein, K. A. (2015) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2014.983602 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Tobacco use in bipolar disorder
Thomson, D., Berk, M., Dodd, S., Rapado-Castro, M., Quirk, S. E., Ellegaard, P. K., Berk, L., & Dean, O. M. (2015) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2015.13.1.1 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Evening chronotype as a discrete clinical subphenotype in bipolar disorder
Romo-Nava, F., Blom, T. J., Cuellar-Barboza, A. B., Winham, S. J., Colby, C. L., Nunez, N. A., Biernacka, J. M., Frye, M. A., & McElroy, S. L. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.151 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Circadian rhythm disruption as a link between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and obesity?
Vogel, S. W. N., Bijlenga, D., Tanke, M., Bron, T. I., van der Heijden, K. B., Swaab, H., Beekman, A. T. F., & Sandra Kooij, J. J. (2015) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.10.002 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Ben-Hamo, M., Larson, T. A., Duge, L. S., Sikkema, C., Wilkinson, C. W., de la Iglesia, H. O., & González, M. M. C. (2016) · eneuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0237-16.2016 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
NPAS2 Regulation of Anxiety-Like Behavior and GABAA Receptors
Ozburn, A. R., Kern, J., Parekh, P. K., Logan, R. W., Liu, Z., Falcon, E., Becker-Krail, D., Purohit, K., Edgar, N. M., Huang, Y., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2017.00360 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“In fact, nearly all psychiatric disorders involve some disruption to the normal sleep/wake cycle and this is often one of the criteria used for diagnosis (McClung, 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRobillard, R., Carpenter, J. S., Feilds, K.-L., Hermens, D. F., White, D., Naismith, S. L., Bartlett, D., Whitwell, B., Southan, J., Scott, E. M., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00624 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Lee, H.-J., Son, G.-H., & Geum, D. (2013) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.4306/pi.2013.10.3.225 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Parekh, P. K., Becker-Krail, D., Sundaravelu, P., Ishigaki, S., Okado, H., Sobue, G., Huang, Y., & McClung, C. A. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.06.022 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
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Rate of switch from bipolar depression into mania after morning light therapy: A historical review
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Cunningham, T. J., Stickgold, R., & Kensinger, E. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.910317 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Utilization of Diurnal Rodents in the Research of Depression
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The role of eveningness in obsessive-compulsive symptoms: cross-sectional and prospective approaches
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Examining Exposure Assessment in Shift Work Research: A Study on Depression Among Nurses
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Comment caractériser et traiter les plaintes de sommeil dans les troubles bipolaires ?
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- Authors
- McClung, C. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- McClung, Colleen A.
- ORCID
- McClung, Colleen A.
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-08
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 242-249
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3725187
- OpenAlex
- W2006352405
- Cited by
- 507
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 9
- FWCI
- 5.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH082876, MH082876)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA023988, DA023988)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- circadian rhythm, mood disorders, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, sleep disruption, molecular clock, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, immune function, neurogenesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuropeptide signaling, shift work, jet lag
- MeSH terms
- Biological Clocks, Brain, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Mood Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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