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Anxiety disorders in adolescents and psychosocial outcomes at age 30
Open accessAbstract
Background Anxiety disorders are associated with adverse psychosocial functioning, and are predictive of a wide range of psychiatric disorders in adulthood.Objective The present study examined the associations between anxiety disorders during childhood and adolescence and psychosocial outcomes at age 30, and sought to address the extent to which psychopathology after age 19 mediated these relations.Method Eight hundred and sixteen participants from a large community sample were interviewed twice during adolescence, at age 24, and at age 30. They completed self-report measures of psychosocial functioning and semi-structured diagnostic interviews during adolescence and young adulthood.Results Adolescent anxiety predicted poor total adjustment, poor adjustment at work, poor family relationships, problems with the family unit, less life satisfaction, poor coping skills, and more chronic stress. Adolescent anxiety predicted, substance (SUD), alcohol abuse/dependence (AUD), and anxiety in adulthood. No adult psychopathology mediated the relationship between childhood anxiety disorders and psychosocial outcomes at age 30. Adult, SUD, AUD and anxiety mediated the association between adolescent anxiety and most domains of psychosocial functioning at age 30.Limitations The participants are ethically and geographically homogenous, and changes in the diagnostic criteria and the interview schedules across the assessment periods.Conclusion Adolescent anxiety, compared to childhood anxiety, is associated with more adverse psychosocial outcomes at age 30. Adolescent anxiety affects negative outcomes at age 30 directly and through adult anxiety, SUD and AUD.
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“Untreated anxiety disorders in adolescence are associated with poorer psychosocial functioning in terms of, for example, income and unemployment, maladjustment, chronic stress and poor coping skills, and other forms of psychopathology, including depression in adulthood (Essau et al., 2014).”
From Effectiveness of and processes related to internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy for adolescents with anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial (2023) · cites this paper as Essau et al., 2014
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“Adolescent ADs have also been linked to significant short and long-term impairments across a broad spectrum of life domains [13–16].”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy as a transdiagnostic approach to adolescents with different anxiety disorders: study protocol. (2025) · cites this paper as [13]
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“often persist into adulthood with significant effects on functioning and quality of life [24]”
From Towards a youth mental health paradigm: a perspective and roadmap (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
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“The long-term impact of anxiety and depression on children and adolescents includes significant interference with relationships, academic performance, school attendance, and daily functioning, making early intervention vital [3-8].”
From eMental Healthcare Technologies for Anxiety and Depression in Childhood and Adolescence: Systematic Review of Studies Reporting Implementation Outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [3]
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Wang, J., Chen, J.-W., Shi-jun, J., & Zhu, K. (2026) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-026-07371-x
“Sustained state anxiety can impair executive function, academic performance, and social adaptation [5, 6], and may also constitute an early risk marker for major depression, substance misuse, and suicidal behavior [7, 8].”
Vagos, P., Felix, D., Oliveira, F., & Silva, J. (2026) · Behavioral Science · doi:10.3390/bs16111978
Orage, A., Warner-Gale, F., & Chen‐Wilson, J. (2026) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.70241
Cao, X., & Liu, X. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16112001
Metadata
- Authors
- Essau, C. A., Lewinsohn, P. M., Olaya, B., & Seeley, J. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Roehampton (GB)
- Oregon Research Institute (US)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Essau, Cecilia A.
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-07
- Volume
- 163
- Pages
- 125-132
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4028371
- OpenAlex
- W2166294338
- Cited by
- 384
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 13.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH040501, R01MH050522)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- adolescent anxiety, childhood anxiety disorders, psychosocial functioning, life satisfaction, family relationships, work adjustment, coping strategies, chronic stress, substance use disorders, alcoholism, adult anxiety, mediation, long-term outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Alcoholism, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Family Relations, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Social Adjustment, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult
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