Cited by 384Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMental Health Treatment and Access

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Anxiety disorders in adolescents and psychosocial outcomes at age 30

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Essau, Cecilia A., Lewinsohn, Peter M., Olaya, Beatriz, Seeley, John R.·2014·Journal of Affective Disorders

DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2013.12.033PMC PMC4028371

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Abstract

Background Anxiety disorders are associated with adverse psychosocial functioning, and are predictive of a wide range of psychiatric disorders in adulthood.Objective The present study examined the associations between anxiety disorders during childhood and adolescence and psychosocial outcomes at age 30, and sought to address the extent to which psychopathology after age 19 mediated these relations.Method Eight hundred and sixteen participants from a large community sample were interviewed twice during adolescence, at age 24, and at age 30. They completed self-report measures of psychosocial functioning and semi-structured diagnostic interviews during adolescence and young adulthood.Results Adolescent anxiety predicted poor total adjustment, poor adjustment at work, poor family relationships, problems with the family unit, less life satisfaction, poor coping skills, and more chronic stress. Adolescent anxiety predicted, substance (SUD), alcohol abuse/dependence (AUD), and anxiety in adulthood. No adult psychopathology mediated the relationship between childhood anxiety disorders and psychosocial outcomes at age 30. Adult, SUD, AUD and anxiety mediated the association between adolescent anxiety and most domains of psychosocial functioning at age 30.Limitations The participants are ethically and geographically homogenous, and changes in the diagnostic criteria and the interview schedules across the assessment periods.Conclusion Adolescent anxiety, compared to childhood anxiety, is associated with more adverse psychosocial outcomes at age 30. Adolescent anxiety affects negative outcomes at age 30 directly and through adult anxiety, SUD and AUD.

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“These disparities are thought to be more significant for anxious youth (Gudiño et al., 2009), and are problematic, as untreated anxiety in childhood is associated with long-term negative outcomes (Essau et al., 2014).”
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Predicting adolescent depression and anxiety from multi-wave longitudinal data using machine learning
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“…including increased risk of disorder persistence and reoccurrence, increased comorbidity, and worse psychosocial functioning later in life (Essau, Lewinsohn, Olaya, & Seeley, 2014; Fleisher & Katz, 2001; McLeod, Horwood, & Fergusson, 2016; Naicker, Galambos, Zeng, Senthilselvan, & Colman,…”
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“Our results are in line with previous studies with youth indicating transdiagnostic CBT is effective in alleviating anxiety and depression symptoms (Essau et al., 2014).”
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Associations Between Social Media Use and Anxiety Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review Study
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Functional Alterations in Cerebellar Functional Connectivity in Anxiety Disorders
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Adolescents' peer contacts promote life satisfaction in young adulthood — A connection mediated by the subjective experience of not being lonely
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“As mentioned before, some of the problems associated with SN addiction, in addition to a lower level of emotional wellbeing, include underperformance in education (Woodward and Fergusson 2001), making wrong decisions in life (Kessler et al. 2005), and psychological disorders (Essau et al. 2014).”
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Sleep quality, insomnia, and internalizing difficulties in adolescents: insights from a twin study
Madrid‐Valero, J. J., Ronald, A., Shakeshaft, N. G., Schofield, K. L., Malanchini, M., & Gregory, A. M. (2019) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsz229 · Cited by 28
“Anxiety and depression are associated with poor academic achievement, drug and alcohol consumption and suicidal ideation.(1,8)”
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Anxiety in Early Adolescence: Heterogeneous Developmental Trajectories, Associations with Risk Factors and Depressive Symptoms
de la Torre‐Luque, A., Fiol‐Veny, A., Balle, M., Nelemans, S. A., & Bornas, X. (2019) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-019-00936-y · Cited by 33
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“presenting that adolescent depressive and anxiety disorders were associated with poor outcomes concerning also work and family relationships [57,58].”
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Symptom network connectivity in adolescents with comorbid major depressive disorder and social phobia
de la Torre‐Luque, A., & Essau, C. A. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.015 · Cited by 26
Self-citation
Gamified virtual reality exposure therapy for adolescents with public speaking anxiety: a four-armed randomized controlled trial
Kahlon, S., Lindner, P., & Nordgreen, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2023.1240778 · Cited by 38
Efficacy of a Mobile App-Based Intervention for Young Adults With Anxiety Disorders
Bress, J. N., Falk, A. E., Schier, M. M., Jaywant, A., Moroney, E., Dargis, M. A., Bennett, S. M., Scult, M. A., Volpp, K. G. M., Asch, D. A., et al. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.28372 · Cited by 33
Brain and Behavior Correlates of Risk Taking in Pediatric Anxiety Disorders
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“They are characterized by impairment across multiple domains of functioning and carry risk for a host of poor longterm outcomes (2).”
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Life satisfaction and mental health from age 17 to 21 years in a general population sample
Marquez, J., Katsantonis, I., Sellers, R., & Knies, G. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03685-9 · Cited by 25
Alcohol consumption in the aftermath of a natural disaster: a longitudinal study
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Developmental Epidemiology of Pediatric Anxiety Disorders
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“Consequently, it increases the risks of lower self-esteem, depression, tobacco use, illicit drug dependence, and suicidal behavior (Essau et al., 2014; Lawrence et al., 2017; Lee & Hankin, 2009).”
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Disordered eating and self-harm as risk factors for poorer mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a UK-based birth cohort study
Warne, N., Heron, J., Mars, B., Kwong, A. S. F., Solmi, F., Pearson, R. M., Moran, P., & Bould, H. (2021) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-021-00510-9 · Cited by 23
Family Socioeconomic Status and Internalizing Problem Behavior Among Chinese Adolescents: The Chain Mediation Effect of Academic Performance and Peer Conflict
Wang, Y., Xie, T., & Xu, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.902545 · Cited by 21
Internet-based emotion-regulation training added to CBT in adolescents with depressive and anxiety disorders: A pilot randomized controlled trial to examine feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness
Wisman, M. A., Emmelkamp, J., Dekker, J., & Christ, C. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100596 · Cited by 35
A Pilot Evaluation of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents Within a Partial Hospitalization Treatment Milieu
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“…for emergence into adulthood across critical psychosocial domains, such as academic achievement (Suldo et al., 2011), occupational adjustment (Essau et al., 2014), criminal involvement (Zara & Farrington, 2013), social functioning (Miers et al., 2013), and happiness (Steiger et al., 2014).”
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Sequential multiple mediation of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance in the relationship between rumination and social anxiety among Chinese adolescents
Cheng, Q., Shi, C., Yan, C., Ren, Z., Chan, S. H.-W., Xiong, S., Zhang, T., & Zheng, H. (2022) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2021.1955864 · Cited by 24
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Psychometric properties of the Child Anxiety Life Interference Scale – Preschool Version
Gilbertson, T., Morgan, A. J., Rapee, R. M., Lyneham, H. J., & Bayer, J. K. (2017) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.10.002 · Cited by 22
Effect of a School-Based Anxiety Prevention Program among Primary School Children
Ghaffar, S. F. A., Sidik, S. M., Ibrahim, N., Awang, H., & Rampal, L. R. G. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16244913 · Cited by 21
“In a longitudinal study, researchers showed that adult major depression disorder was predicted by childhood anxiety [4].”
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Family Functioning and Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Mindfulness
Watkins, N. K., Salafia, C., & Ohannessian, C. M. (2022) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-021-02219-4 · Cited by 21
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“Similarly, experiencing anxiety carries similar consequences in adulthood due to the high comorbidity between depressive and anxiety disorders [14].”
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Parental reports of stress and anxiety in their migrant children in China: The mediating role of parental psychological aggression and corporal punishment
Liu, L., Wang, Y., Zhao, J., & Wang, M. (2022) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105695 · Cited by 22
Facing ambiguity: Social threat sensitivity mediates the association between peer victimization and adolescent anxiety
Schacter, H. L., Marusak, H. A., Borg, B. A., & Jovanović, T. (2022) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579422001018 · Cited by 22
“Moreover, adolescent-onset anxiety disorders, compared to adult onset, are associated with worse social functioning, more health risk behaviors, lower life satisfaction, and a greater probability of recurrence later in life (Bruce et al., 2005; Essau et al., 2014).”
Negative Life Events as Predictors of Anxiety Outcomes: An Examination of Event Type
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A Biofeedback-Based Mobile App With Serious Games for Young Adults With Anxiety in the United Arab Emirates: Development and Usability Study
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“Anxiety has been recognized to negatively impact the quality of life and psychosocial functioning [6], and to be a predictor of a wide range of mental disorders [7].”
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Correlation Between Medically Diagnosed Anxiety and Depression Disorder and Self-Reported Breast Implant Illness
Bresnick, S. D., Lagman, C., Morris, S., Bresnick, S., & Robbins, M. S. (2024) · Aesthetic Surgery Journal · doi:10.1093/asj/sjae089 · Cited by 18
“23 Our data are consistent with these findings and suggest that patients with self-reported BII and anxiety and depression follow the trend of early diagnosis and early initiation of medication therapy when compared to other patients with isolated anxiety or depression.”
Result
Influence of maternal negative emotion reactivity and cognitive reappraisal on child anxiety disorder
Wald, N., Carthy, T., Shenaar‐Golan, V., Tadmor-Zisman, Y., & Ziskind, M. (2018) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22745 · Cited by 18
Factor Structure of the Urdu Version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in Pakistani Adolescents
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Self-citation

Authors: Essau, C. A., Lewinsohn, P. M., Olaya, B., & Seeley, J. R.
Affiliations: University of Roehampton (GB)
Oregon Research Institute (US)
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (ES)
Corresponding author: Essau, Cecilia A.
ORCID: Essau, Cecilia A.
Olaya, Beatriz
Seeley, John R.
Venue: Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-07
Volume: 163
Pages: 125-132
ISSN: 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.12.033
PMC: PMC4028371
OpenAlex: W2166294338
Cited by: 384
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 25 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 2
FWCI: 13.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH040501, R01MH050522)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: adolescent anxiety, childhood anxiety disorders, psychosocial functioning, life satisfaction, family relationships, work adjustment, coping strategies, chronic stress, substance use disorders, alcoholism, adult anxiety, mediation, long-term outcomes
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Alcoholism, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Family Relations, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Social Adjustment, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult

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Anxiety disorders in adolescents and psychosocial outcomes at age 30

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