CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 55Bipolar Disorder and TreatmentGenetic Associations and EpidemiologySchizophrenia research and treatment

A meta-analysis of the risk of major affective disorder in relatives of individuals affected by major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder

Open access
Wilde, A., Chan, H.-N., Rahman, B., Meiser, B., Mitchell, P.B., Schofield, P.R., Green, M.J.·2014·Journal of Affective Disorders
DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2014.01.014
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background To conduct a meta-analysis to estimate the incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of probands affected by MDD or BD. The risk for MDD in FDR of BD probands and vice versa is also investigated.Methods A systematic review of case-control and cohort studies, which were published between 1977 and 2012; reported relative risks (RR) or odd ratios (OR) or equivalent raw data; made an explicit distinction between MDD and BD; used operational diagnostic criteria; and reported systematic proband recruitment and ascertainment of relatives. Studies were obtained by electronic MEDLINE and EMBASE searches and hand-searching. Estimates were derived from pooled data using random effects methods.Results Of an initial sample of 241 articles, 22 were eligible for inclusion. For FDRs of one proband with MDD compared to healthy control probands, estimates for MDD were OR=2.14 (95% CI 1.72-2.67), increasing to OR=3.23 (95% CI 2.11-4.94) for two MDD probands. For FDRs of one BD proband compared to healthy control probands, estimates for BD were OR=7.92 (95% CI 2.45-25.61), and OR=6.58 (95% CI 2.64-16.43) for FDRs of two BD probands.Conclusions These findings support previously published data indicating strong familiality for both MDD and BD. Data will be useful in providing individuals with a family history of MDD or BPD with tailored risk estimates.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jad.2014.01.014

Cites

101 of 101 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Monozygotic twins and first-degree relatives also have an increased likelihood of developing psychotic, bipolar or common mental disorders.

    “Monozygotic twins 123-126 and first-degree relatives (depending on the number of probands) 127-130 also have an increased likelihood of developing these disorders.”

    From Preventive psychiatry: a blueprint for improving the mental health of young people (2021) · cites this paper as [130]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Wilde, A., Chan, H.-N., Rahman, B., Meiser, B., Mitchell, P. B., Schofield, P. R., & Green, M. J.
Affiliations
  • Black Dog Institute (AU)
  • UNSW Sydney (AU)
Corresponding author
Wilde, A.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-04
Volume
158
Pages
37-47
ISSN
0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jad.2014.01.014
OpenAlex
W1987817077
Cited by
55
References
101
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2
FWCI
0.92
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UNSWorks (UNSW Sydney) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) (1037196)
  • University of New South Wales
  • NHMRC Career Development Award, Level 2 (1003921)
  • Future Fellowship (FT0991511)
  • Australian Research Council
  • NHMRC R.D. Wright Biomedical Research Fellowship
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Keywords
major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, first-degree relatives, familial risk, mood disorders, genetic risk, family history (medicine), relative risk
MeSH terms
Bipolar Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Family, Humans, Incidence, Risk Assessment

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review