The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Efficacy of an outpatient treatment for prolonged grief disorder: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Abstract
Background Abnormal forms of grief, currently referred to as complicated grief or prolonged grief disorder, have been discussed extensively in recent years. While the diagnostic criteria are still debated, there is no doubt that prolonged grief is disabling and may require treatment. To date, few interventions have demonstrated efficacy. Methods We investigated whether outpatients suffering from prolonged grief disorder (PGD) benefit from a newly developed integrative cognitive behavioural therapy for prolonged grief (PG-CBT). A total of 51 patients were randomized into two groups, stratified by the type of death and their relationship to the deceased; 24 patients composed the treatment group and 27 patients composed the wait list control group (WG). Treatment consisted of 20-25 sessions. Main outcome was change in grief severity; secondary outcomes were reductions in general psychological distress and in comorbidity. Results Patients on average had 2.5 comorbid diagnoses in addition to PGD. Between group effect sizes were large for the improvement of grief symptoms in treatment completers (Cohen׳s d=1.61) and in the intent-to-treat analysis (d=1.32). Comorbid depressive symptoms also improved in PG-CBT compared to WG. The completion rate was 79% in PG-CBT and 89% in WG. Limitations The major limitations of this study were a small sample size and that PG-CBT took longer than the waiting time. Conclusions PG-CBT was found to be effective with an acceptable dropout rate. Given the number of bereaved people who suffer from PGD, the results are of high clinical relevance.
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In the citing paper
“cognitive-behavioral therapy is highly efficacious in reducing the severity of grief”
From Prolonged grief disorder treatment: An approach to COVID-19 grief (2023) · cites this paper as Rosner et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“This treatment was found to be highly effective in terms of reducing the severity of grief.The controlled effect size for the improvement of grief symptoms in people who completed CBT treatment was d = 1.61 (Rosner, Pfoh, Kotoučová, & Hagl, 2014).”
From Prolonged grief disorder treatment: An approach to COVID-19 grief (2023) · cites this paper as Rosner et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“The review identified various techniques used for the management of PGD, with CBT applied to Prolonged Grief being found to be highly effective in terms of reducing the severity of grief in individuals who complete treatment (Rosner et al., 2014).”
From Prolonged grief disorder treatment: An approach to COVID-19 grief (2023) · cites this paper as Rosner et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“-Highly effective in terms of reducing grief severity (Rosner et al., 2014).”
From Prolonged grief disorder treatment: An approach to COVID-19 grief (2023) · cites this paper as Rosner et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“-Effect size for symptom improvement: d = 1.61 (Rosner et al., 2014).”
From Prolonged grief disorder treatment: An approach to COVID-19 grief (2023) · cites this paper as Rosner et al., 2014
Citations
Cites
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“…has reported that approximately 10% of the bereaved show symptoms that cause impairment in everyday life (Bonanno, et al., 2008; Ott, 2003), European studies have reported prevalence values of 4.2% in a sample of older Swiss (Maercker et al., 2008) and 4% in a German sample (Kersting et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialBoelen, P. A., de Keijser, J., van den Hout, M. A., & van den Bout, J. (2007) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.75.2.277 · Cited by 454
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“…improvement in PG-CBT completers is d = 1.61; compared with the ES values reported in meta-analyses for patients with strong therapy indications (Currier et al., 2008: d = 0.51; Rosner et al., 2005: d = 0.27; Wittouck et al., 2011: d = 0.53), our intervention seems to be considerably more…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialInternet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Complicated Grief: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Wagner, B., Knaevelsrud, C., & Maercker, A. (2006) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481180600614385 · Cited by 376 · cited 3×
“…complicated grief treatment with interpersonal therapy (Shear et al., 2005); (2) a trial comparing an internet-based intervention with an untreated control (Wagner et al., 2006); and (3) a trial comparing cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with supportive counselling (Boelen et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe prevalence and correlates of psychiatric comorbidity in individuals with complicated grief
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- Rosner, R., Kotoučová, M., Pfoh, G. Diagnose der anhaltenden Trauerstörung mit der deutschen Version des PG-13 [Diagnosing prolonged grief disorder with the German version of the PG-13]. In: Rosner, R., Pfoh, G, Rojas, R., Brandstätter, M., Rossi, R., Lumbeck, G., Kotoučová, M., Hagl, M., Geissner E. (Eds.). Anhaltende Trauerstörung. Manuale zur Einzel- und Gruppentherapie [Prolonged grief disorder. Manuals for individual and group treatment]. Hogrefe, Göttingen. (in press).
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Sorted by citations
Items 101–122 of 122
Akute und posttraumatische Belastungsstörung
Kapfhammer, H. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49295-6_71 · Cited by 11
Therapeutic Alliance and Outcome in Complicated Grief Treatment
Glickman, K. L., Shear, M. K., & Wall, M. (2018) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41811-018-0018-9 · Cited by 1
van Oostrum, J. M., Akalın, D., & Lenferink, L. (2026) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2026.2663660 · Cited by 1
“…helping people accept the reality of loss, reduce avoidance behaviour, and engage in meaningful activities (Boelen et al., 2007; Bryant et al., 2014; Lenferink et al., 2023; Reitsma et al., 2023; Rosner et al., 2014; Shear et al., 2005; Shear et al., 2014; Shear et al., 2016; Szuhany et al., 2021).”
Challenging Negative Expectations to Combat Loneliness in Bereavement: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Wanza, C., Rief, W., & Doering, B. K. (2026) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-025-10712-z · Cited by 1
La eficacia de la terapia cognitivo-conductual para el duelo prolongado
Molina, B. S., Sanz-Cortés, A., & Cruzado, J. A. (2023) · Psicooncologia · doi:10.5209/psic.87570 · Cited by 1
Behandlung der anhaltenden Trauerstörung
Doering, B., & Rosner, R. (2018) · InFo Neurologie & Psychiatrie · doi:10.1007/s15005-018-2797-1 · Cited by 1
Self-citationKognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei komplizierter Trauer
Doering, B., Kühl, K., & Hofmann, M. (2017) · Verhaltenstherapie (Basel) · doi:10.1159/000480352 · Cited by 1
“In einer deutschen ambulanten Patientenstichprobe lag diese Rate bei 62% [Rosner et al., 2014], in einer stationären Stichprobe erwartungsgemäß noch höher [Rosner et al., 2011].”
BackgroundGrief Reactions in the Elderly
Robbins-Welty, G. A., Stahl, S. T., & Reynolds, C. F. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65241-2_6 · Cited by 5
Grief Reactions in Diagnostic Classifications of Mental Disorders
Carmassi, C., Bertelloni, C. A., & Dell’Osso, L. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65241-2_14 · Cited by 4
“Out of the Fog”: A Case Report of a Treatment Based on Prolonged Grief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Rueger, M. S., Steil, R., & Heidenreich, T. (2026) · Verhaltenstherapie (Basel) · doi:10.1159/000551174
Nargis, F., Yusof, Y., & Nasir, M. A. M. (2026) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2026.2668362
Mace, C., & Deighton, R. (2026) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2026.2646872
Undoing death: Counterfactual thinking and emotional adaptation to bereavement.
Eisma, M., van der Laan, J. F., Boer, N. D., Doornbos, M., Brouwer, C., & Epstude, K. (2026) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2026.102103
Terapia poznawczo-behawioralna przedłużonej reakcji żałoby
Danieluk, B. (2025) · Przegląd psychologiczny · doi:10.31648/przegldpsychologiczny.11327
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy of Prolonged Grief Disorder
Danieluk, B. (2025) · Przegląd psychologiczny · doi:10.31648/przegldpsychologiczny.12961
“Shortly after the publication of the therapeutic protocol itself, the authors verified its effectiveness in a randomized controlled trial (Rosner et al., 2014).”
Nafarieh, K., & Gutwinski, S. (2025) · InFo Neurologie + Psychiatrie · doi:10.1007/s15005-025-4546-6
“Die Behandlung der Anhaltenden Trauerstörung basiert primär auf psychotherapeutischen Verfahren, die in zahlreichen randomisierten kontrollierten Studien gut untersucht wurden [12, 21, 22, 23] Die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) gilt derzeit als zentraler und effektivster Ansatz.”
Aslam, M., Jan, R., Parpio, Y., & Tharani, A. (2025) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/10664807251346970
Yazdani, H., Haghayegh, S. A., Ranjbarkohan, Z., Jabalameli, S., & Dehghani, A. (2025) · Journal of Health Reports and Technology · doi:10.5812/jhrt-161149
Nag, A., Halder, S., Gupta, S. S., & Hussain, A. (2024) · Odisha Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/ojp.ojp_22_24
Bolaséll, L. T., Brunnet, A., & Kristensen, C. (2026) · Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas) · doi:10.1590/1982-0275202643e12090
Therapie der anhaltenden Trauerstörung
Rosner, R., & Comtesse, H. (2019) · Traumafolgestörungen · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-58470-5_20
Self-citationDeuil, complications et prise en charge
Hertay, A., Razavi, D., Marchal, S., & Lewis, F. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-75811-9.00023-4
Metadata
- Authors
- Rosner, R., Pfoh, G., Kotoučová, M., & Hagl, M.
- Affiliations
- Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt (DE)
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Rosner, Rita
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-10
- Volume
- 167
- Pages
- 56-63
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2115507862
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 13.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- prolonged grief disorder, complicated grief, outpatient psychotherapy, grief severity, depressive symptoms, comorbidities, bereavement, treatment discontinuation, waitlist control
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Ambulatory Care, Depression, Female, Grief, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Outpatients, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Comorbidity, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
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