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Cited by 20Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPersonality Disorders and Psychopathology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Affective styles in mood and anxiety disorders – Clinical validation of the “Affective Style Questionnaire” (ASQ)

Totzeck, Christina, Teismann, Tobias, Hofmann, Stefan G., von Brachel, Ruth, Zhang, Xiao Chi, Pflug, Verena, Margraf, Jürgen·2018·Journal of Affective Disorders
DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.035
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Abstract

Background Emotion regulation plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of psychological disorders. Less is known about the association of affective styles and psychopathology. The 20-item "Affective Style Questionnaire" (ASQ) has been validated in nonclinical samples. The American and German validation studies resulted in a three-factor structure (concealing, adjusting, and tolerating). The present study aimed to investigate three aspects: (1) the validation of the ASQ within a clinical sample, (2) the examination of possible differences in affective styles between patients suffering from affective versus anxiety disorders, and (3) the association of affective styles and anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms.Methods Overall 917 patients receiving cognitive-behavioral therapy at an outpatient clinic participated in this study, 550 participants were female. All data were collected before the beginning of treatment.Results Confirmatory factor analyses revealed the same three-factor structure found in the previous Western samples (CFI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.06): Concealing (α = 0.81), adjusting (α = 0.71), and tolerating (α = 0.70). Significantly lower scores in the ASQ subscale adjusting were found in patients suffering from affective disorders than patients suffering from anxiety disorders. The results of the regression analyses showed that the ASQ adjusting and concealing behavior seem to play a more important role than the ERQ reappraisal and suppression for depression, anxiety, and stress among clinical populations.Limitations A number of limitations must be taken into consideration while evaluating the present study. First and foremost, the clinical data were based on primary diagnoses. We did not ascertain comorbid diagnoses. This distinction may be important, since affective and anxiety disorders are often linked to each other. In addition, we only used data collected before the beginning of psychotherapeutic treatment and were therefore not able to analyze changes in affective styles during and after intervention. Furthermore, all data were based on self-reported information of patients. We did not implement either a therapeutic rating of affective styles or physiological measures, for instance arousal, which could have shown whether the used strategies successfully reduce negative emotions. Future research should address this question. Another limitation is the fact that we concentrated on the main categories of mental disorders and, therefore, did not subdivide patients with affective and anxiety disorders in terms of their concrete diagnoses. This is of special importance, because there might also be differences in affective styles within the main categories.

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Metadata

Authors
Totzeck, C., Teismann, T., Hofmann, S. G., von Brachel, R., Zhang, X. C., Pflug, V., & Margraf, J.
Affiliations
  • Ruhr University Bochum (DE)
  • Boston University (US)
Corresponding author
Totzeck, Christina
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018-10
Volume
238
Pages
392-398
ISSN
0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.035
OpenAlex
W2805303444
Cited by
20
References
31
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4
FWCI
2.62
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Keywords
affective style, emotion regulation, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, anxiety, stress symptoms, factor structure, emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal, suppression, comorbidities, psychopathology, clinical validation, self-report measures, physiological arousal, treatment outcome prediction, gender differences
MeSH terms
Adult, Affect, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Severity of Illness Index, Stress, Psychological, Self Report

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