Cited by 314Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchResilience and Mental HealthCancer survivorship and care

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The prevalence of moderate-to-high posttraumatic growth: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Wu, Xiaoli, Kaminga, Atipatsa C, Dai, Wenjie, Deng, Jing, Wang, Zhipeng, Pan, Xiongfeng, Liu, Aizhong·2019·Journal of Affective Disorders

DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.023

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Abstract

Background Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is positive psychological changes after encountering challenging events. The main purpose of this meta-analysis was to summarize the prevalence of moderate-to-high PTG in people who experienced traumatic events and to understand what social-demographic and trauma characteristics distinguish those who show a high rate of PTG from those of low level. Methods Six electronic databases were searched. Loney's appraisal criteria were used to evaluate the quality of studies. Freeman-Turkey double arcsine transformation method was used to calculate the combined prevalence. Age, time since event, type of trauma and trauma form were analyzed as subgroup factors. According to the source of the trauma, the type of trauma was divided into three different categories: disease, accident and specific profession. Specific profession refers to firefighters, veterans, intensive care staff, etc. The complex working environment, irregular lifestyle, various unpredictable factors, as well as the frequently adverse stimuli from others contribute to great physical and mental pressure. Results Twenty-six articles were deemed as qualified for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The level of PTG across studies ranged from 10% to 77.3%, and heterogeneity tests showed high heterogeneity (I 2 = 92.3%, 95%CI = 90.1%-94.0%, p Limitations Because the included studies haven't provided adequate PTG-related information, these factors could not be used to performed subgr…

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Post-traumatic growth and religious coping in Muslims exposed to the March 15 terror attacks in New Zealand: A cross-sectional study
Beaglehole, B., Boden, J. M., Porter, R., Sulaiman-Hill, R., Ali, F., Dean, S., Adam, Z., Tanveer, S., Schlüter, P. J., & Bell, C. (2025) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00048674251374461 · Cited by 6
“It does not provide standardised cut-points to designate PTG although we used thresholds designated by Wu et al. (2019) to report moderate-to-high PTG.”
Influential
Posttraumatic Growth Among Suicide-Loss Survivors: Protocol for an Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Whittaker, S., Rasmussen, S. A., Cogan, N. A., Tse, D. C. K., Martin, B., Andriessen, K., Shiramizu, V. K. M., Krysinska, K. E., & Levi‐Belz, Y. (2025) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/64615 · Cited by 5
“Literature has begun to show that, on average, PTG occurs more often than the development of pathological disorders following exposure to a traumatic event [10,11].”
Influential
Longitudinal relationship between posttraumatic growth and distress in lung cancer patients during neoadjuvant immunotherapy
Chu, Q., Sun, F., Zhu, X., Xia, H., Bian, D., He, G., Yang, J., Zhang, P., & He, Y. (2025) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2025.100549 · Cited by 2
“Second, individuals from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds may interpret distress and traumatic experiences differently (Wu et al., 2019), potentially altering the relationship between distress and PTG.”
Moving beyond vulnerability and focusing on resilience: An intersectional posttraumatic growth model for LGBTQ+ people of color
Obenauf, C., Szymanski, D. M., & Owens, G. P. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23745 · Cited by 6
Perceived posttraumatic growth: positive change occurring because of or despite the trauma?
Boals, A., & McKillip, N. (2024) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2024.2396423 · Cited by 2
“Self-reports of PTG following adverse events exposure are very common (Wu et al., 2019), as over half of individuals who experience an adverse or traumatic event self-report experiencing moderate or greater levels of PTG.”
Perceived stress and posttraumatic growth in caregivers of pediatric burn patients undergoing mHealth-enhanced outpatient burn care: A pilot study
Gavrilova, Y., Rooney, E., & Lesher, A. P. (2024) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2024.03.031 · Cited by 3
Exploring the Experience of Posttraumatic Growth Following Imprisonment: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review
Gormley, O., Cunningham, T., McFadden, S., & Toner, P. (2024) · Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/24732850.2024.2328256 · Cited by 2
“Conversely, there is now a growing body of research demonstrating that people can also experience positive psychological change following traumatic events (Wu et al., 2019).”
Influential
Risk perception predicts post-traumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: the mediation effect of engaging in health-protective behaviors
Zhang, Y., Zhang, N., Da, L.-J., Feng, D., & Zhao, C. (2023) · Psychology, Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2023.2274313 · Cited by 3
“…consequences attracted the most attention among researchers and practitioners during COVID-19 pandemics, many studies reported positive changes on mental health worldwide, for example, post-traumatic growth (Schubert et al., 2016; Tedeschi & Calhoun, 2004; Wu et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2023).”
Background
Post-adversarial appreciation: a novel re-conceptualisation of posttraumatic growth
Harding-White, M. F., Mojtahedi, D., & Carson, J. F. (2023) · Mental Health and Social Inclusion · doi:10.1108/mhsi-08-2023-0090 · Cited by 3
Vivre le deuil d’un être cher en temps de pandémie : quels facteurs sont associés à la croissance post-traumatique ?
Maltais, D., Cadell, S., Simard, C., Grenier, J., Cherblanc, J., Verdon, C., Gauthier, G., Ross, G., Bergeron‐Leclerc, C., & Côté, I. (2023) · Etudes sur la mort/Études sur la mort · doi:10.3917/eslm.159.0073 · Cited by 4
Post-traumatic growth caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and response to coronavirus disease 2019
Kawashima, M., Murakami, M., Kobayashi, T., Takebayashi, Y., Tsubokura, M., Yasutaka, T., & Tamaki, T. (2023) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103917 · Cited by 4
Validation of the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory in Adolescents Who Lost a Family Member in the Past 4 years: Effects of Time After the Death Event and Gender
Ramos‐Vera, C., O’Diana, A. G., Vallejos-Saldarriaga, J., & Saintila, J. (2023) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228231166833 · Cited by 4
“Other research reported positive and stable effects of PG 6 months after the stressful event in adults (Hirooka et al., 2017; Wu et al., 2019).”
“What does not kill me makes me stronger”: Perceived negative and positive consequences of teachers' exposure to violence directed at them
Ben‐Hayun, S. G., & Zysberg, L. (2023) · Psychology in the schools (Print) · doi:10.1002/pits.22897 · Cited by 3
50 Years After Political Protest Violence, Posttraumatic Growth is Associated with PTSD and Anxiety but not Depression or Sleep Difficulties
Rabinowitz, E. P., Sayer, M. A., Richeson, A. L., Samii, M. R., Kutash, L. A., & Delahanty, D. L. (2023) · International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology · doi:10.1007/s41042-023-00085-7 · Cited by 1
“Considered a distinct phenomenon from post-traumatic stress, approximately 53% of individuals who experience a traumatic event develop moderate to high PTG (Wu et al., 2019; Zoellner & Maercker, 2006).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Long-term post-traumatic growth after natural disasters: A scoping review of contextual influences
Nguyen, H. T. D., Pope, D., & Harms, L. (2022) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcac240 · Cited by 4
Sub-groups (profiles) of individuals experiencing post-traumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic
Blom, D. M., Sulkers, E., Post, W. J., Schroevers, M. J., & Ranchor, A. V. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.969253 · Cited by 6
“Previous research findings suggest that many individuals experience PTG not only in the long term but also in the short term and even during stressful circumstances (Wu et al., 2019).”
Background
Factors Predicting Post-Traumatic Positive and Negative Psychological Changes Experienced by Nurses during a Pandemic COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study
Nowicki, G., Ślusarska, B. J., Zboina, B., Jędrzejewska, A., & Kotus, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19127073 · Cited by 4
“This discovery was partially in line with our expectations, because the PTG theory was proposed as a possible positive psychological consequence of the encountered traumatic events [46,47], and the individual’s perception of a traumatic event becomes a necessary condition for development [48,49].”
Result
Latent Profiles of Posttraumatic Growth: 17 years After the Bam Earthquake in Iran
Amiri, H., Rezapour, M., Nakhaee, N., Nekoei‐Moghadam, M., Nasab, S. M. H. M., Nezhad, M. S., & Jahani, Y. (2022) · Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness · doi:10.1017/dmp.2022.36 · Cited by 4
Seek Balance: Deviation from Balance Mediates Trauma Exposure and Quality of Life
Tomich, P. L., DeMalio, I. S., & Tolich, A. (2021) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2021.2005329 · Cited by 4
Factors associated with posttraumatic growth among healthcare workers at an academic‐medical center: A correlational study
Okoli, C. T. C., & Seng, S. (2021) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/ppc.12817 · Cited by 4
Posttraumatic Growth, Metacognitive Beliefs, Self-Absorption and Dysfunctional Trauma-Related Attitudes in a Sample of the Spanish General Populations
Marqueses, J. M. S., Fausor, R., Sanz‐García, A., García‐Vera, M. P., & Sanz, J. (2022) · Ansiedad y Estrés · doi:10.5093/anyes2022a23 · Cited by 5
“…experience, it should be noted that the amount of time since the events in this study ranged from two to 83 years, while in the meta-analysis by Wu et al. (2019), which did find a significant negative relationship between time elapsed and PTG, the periods examined ranged from only a few days…”
Result
Survivor Coping: Theories and Research About Reactions to All Types of Victimization
Frieze, I. H., Newhill, C. E., & Fusco, R. A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42608-8_3 · Cited by 1
A hero's journey tale: Experimentally altering perceived posttraumatic growth via cultural expectation primes
Boals, A., King, R. L., Griffith, E. L., & Hord, C. N. (2024) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2024.43.6.556 · Cited by 2
Posttraumatic Growth Following Suicide Bereavement: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Whittaker, S., Rasmussen, S. A., Cogan, N. A., Tse, D. C. K., Martin, B., Andriessen, K., Shiramizu, V. K. M., Krysinska, K. E., & Levi‐Belz, Y. (2025) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2025.2586763 · Cited by 3
Resilience and Mindfulness as Factors of Posttraumatic Stress and Growth Among Chinese Healthcare Workers During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Mediation via Adaptive Coping and Stigmatisation
She, R., Li, L., Yang, Q., Lin, J., Ye, X., Wu, S., Yang, Z., Guan, S., Zhang, J., & Lau, J. T. F. (2025) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.70037 · Cited by 7
“PTG is common as a systematic review of 26 studies found that 53% of people who endured traumas experienced PTG (Wu et al. 2019).”
Influential
Understanding Posttraumatic Growth in Conflict-Affected Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Scoping Review
Fayaz, I., & Khanna, P. (2025) · Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work · doi:10.1080/26408066.2025.2510277 · Cited by 1
Factors related to nurses’ posttraumatic growth during the early stage of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a scoping review
Sato, K., Ishii, K., Nagai, S., & Ogata, Y. (2025) · Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.1093/joccuh/uiaf030 · Cited by 2
“Inclusion criteria for the articles were as follows: (1) original and written in English, (2) focused on nurses’ PTG, and (3) reported studies conducted after January 2020.”
Influential
Psychometric Evaluation of the Greek Version of the PTGI During COVID-19 Pandemic
Tamiolaki, A., Kalaitzaki, A. E., & Benioudakis, E. S. (2025) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/10497315251330869 · Cited by 2
“…contrast to other studies that have found an inverse correlation between PTG and age, with younger people scoring higher on PTG (Bachem et al. 2018; Wu et al., 2019), in this study, correlations were very low, though signi ﬁ cant, possibly because of the large sample size (Kaplan et al., 2014) or…”
Family functioning and post-traumatic growth among disaster survivors: The mediation role of hope
Setiawan, I. M., & Setiyawati, D. (2025) · Humanitas Indonesian Psychological Journal · doi:10.26555/humanitas.v22i1.835 · Cited by 2
“A meta-analysis study of 26 studies conducted by Xiaoli et al. (2019) found that approximately 52.58% of individuals have moderate to high levels of post-traumatic growth after traumatic experiences.”
Influential
A cross-sectional study on posttraumatic growth and influencing factors among parents of premature infants
Xingyanan, W., Yuanhong, L., Yang, L., & Xiao, Z. (2025) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-025-07137-7 · Cited by 4
Role of anxiety, depression, personality traits, social support, and spiritual well-being in prediction of personal growth in patients with breast cancer
Azizi, M. G., Moslemi, D., Kheirkhah, F., Gholinia, H., Jafari, S., Jalalian, E., & Faramarzi, M. (2025) · Journal of Breast Disease · doi:10.61186/ijbd.17.4.68 · Cited by 1
Characterizing post-traumatic growth in individuals with traumatic brain injury according to social participation, self-awareness, and self-identity
Mamman, R., Fleming, J., Mortenson, W. B., & Schmidt, J. (2024) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2024.2405571 · Cited by 2
“First, studies report that younger individuals reported higher post-traumatic growth than older individuals [34, 35].”
Biopsychosocial Associates of Psychological Distress and Post-Traumatic Growth among Canadian Cancer Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Zhang, K. M., Mukherjee, S. D., Pond, G. R., Roque, M. I., Meyer, R. M., SUSSMAN, J. S., Ellis, P. M., & Bryant‐Lukosius, D. (2024) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3390/curroncol31090395 · Cited by 2
“Approximately 42.7% of our sample experienced high levels of PTG, which is lower compared to pre-pandemic levels [37].”
BackgroundInfluential
A measure of psychological antifragility: development and replication
Tsai, J. (2024) · Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2024.2394466 · Cited by 2
“There is another phenomenon called posttraumatic growth, which is defined as positive psychological change that occurs from exposure to traumatic events (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 2004) and has been found in various populations (Tsai et al., 2015; Wu et al., 2019).”
Predictors of Moderate-High Posttraumatic Growth in Parents of Children With Cancer
Meral, B., & Bulut, H. K. (2024) · Cancer Nursing · doi:10.1097/ncc.0000000000001374 · Cited by 4
Creating new resources: The impact of new group memberships on posttraumatic growth in China
Peng, W., Yang, K., & Jiang, J. (2024) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12955 · Cited by 2
Finding Silver Linings in the Covid-19 Pandemic: A 2-Wave Study in the UK
Bacon, A. M., Charlesford, J. J., Hyland, M. E., Puskas, T., & Hughes, P. (2023) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941231219788 · Cited by 2
“The review by Wu et al., (2019) suggested 53% of participants report growth follwing traumatic life events, and a recent study with nurses working through the pandemic reported 39% (Chen et al., 2020).”
The relationship among posttraumatic stress disorder, posttraumatic growth, and suicidal ideation among Italian healthcare workers during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic
Gesi, C., Cafaro, R., Achilli, F., Boscacci, M., Cerioli, M., Cirnigliaro, G., Loupakis, F., di Maio, M., & Dell'Osso, B. (2023) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852923002493 · Cited by 2
Posttraumatic growth in family members of individuals with methamphetamine use disorder
Turan, Ç., Ünal, S., Şenormancı, G., & Şenormancı, Ö. (2023) · The European Research Journal · doi:10.18621/eurj.1276458 · Cited by 4
“The same study showed that a long period since the traumatic event was associated with higher PTG in women and youth [6, 7].”
Background
Post-traumatic growth among frontline doctors fighting against COVID-19 at a tertiary care public hospital in Karachi, Pakistan
Das, K., Qureshi, S., Haider, A., Tarique, M., & Bhatija, R. R. (2023) · Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association · doi:10.47391/jpma.7813 · Cited by 3
Morally injurious events among aid workers: examining the indirect effect of negative cognitions and self-care in associations with mental health indicators
Dewar, M., Paradis, A., & Brillon, P. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1171629 · Cited by 10
The relationship between mental health and perceived social support with the post traumatic growth model through the mediating role of coping strategies in COVID-19 recovered patients
Mehraban, E. D., Farhangi, A., & Abolghasemi, S. (2022) · Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences · doi:10.34172/jsums.2022.30 · Cited by 2
“Continuity of automatic thoughts may serve as the initial stage for a search to determine the impact of a stressful events on a person and aid the individual in understanding the fundamental meaning of stress (8,9).”
Background
Mental Health Symptomatology and Posttraumatic Growth among Those with Multimorbidity in COVID Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Findings from the STRONG Study in Greece
Kavalidou, K., Kotsis, K. T., Laimou, D., Panagidou, D., & Mégalakaki, O. (2021) · Psychiatry International · doi:10.3390/psychiatryint3010004 · Cited by 2
“A recent metanalysis suggested that is more appropriate to use the term “moderate to high PTG” when either the total or each PTGI item score is >60% [27].”
Background
Optimism and Perceived Social Support as Predictors of Posttraumatic Growth Among Emerging Adults After the Death of a Parent
Putri, E. P., & Pohan, L. D. (2020) · International Conference on Intervention and Applied Psychology (ICIAP) · doi:10.2991/assehr.k.201125.033 · Cited by 2
Posttraumatic Cognitions, Posttraumatic Growth, and Personality in University Students
Arredondo, A. Y., & Caparrós, B. (2020) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2020.1831812 · Cited by 5
“A recent systematic review has revealed that nearly half of the subjects reported a moderate-to-high PTG after experiencing a traumatic event (Wu et al., 2018).”
Background
Service provider perceptions of posttraumatic growth experienced by service users receiving treatment for a first episode of psychosis
Jordan, G., MALLA, A. K., & Iyer, S. N. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.2020.1776458 · Cited by 3
Influence of Coping, Self-Disclosure, Ruminant, and Organizational Culture on Traumatic Growth of Firefighters
Ko, Y.-S., Ha, Y., Kim, J., & Cho, H.-A. (2020) · doi:10.14400/jdc.2020.18.4.357 · Cited by 2
“외상 후 성장 발생에 대한 체계적 문헌고찰[6]에 따르 면 암환자, 중증질환자, 군인, 지진피해자, 응급구조요원 과 소방관 등 다양한 대상자들을 상대로 외상 후 성장 연 구가 이루어졌으며 특히 이들 중에서 고위험 특수 직업 군의 외상 후 성장이 높은 것으로 보고되었다.”
Is There Always Value to Adversity?
Jayawickreme, E. (2026) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197515471.001.0001 · Cited by 1
Treatment of Youth with Trauma and Gender Incongruence: A Call for Clinical Integration
Feldman, H., Jankowski, M. K., Sternberg, K. F., Bausha, C. E., & Barnett, E. R. (2026) · Community mental health journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-026-01611-y · Cited by 1
“Similarly, people can experience meaningful post-traumatic growth following trauma and stress, paving a path beyond resiliency and developing new skills, strengths, and perspectives on life (Wu et al., 2019).”
Posttraumatic Growth Following Interpersonal Trauma: The Roles of Social Desirability, Spiritual Bypass, and Optimism
Poandl, M. M., Gutiérrez, D., & Kitching, E. (2026) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2026.2646521 · Cited by 3
“This result is higher compared with PTG prevalence rates reported across all trauma types, as Wu et al. (2019) found 53% of individuals experienced a moderate to high rate of PTG in their meta-analysis of 26 studies.”
Childhood psychological maltreatment, depressive symptoms, and death obsession in older adults: exploring the moderating effect of meaning in life
Şahin, D. S., Arslan, G., & Uzun, K. (2026) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2026.2625852 · Cited by 1
“…and autobiographical reasoning, older adults often attempt to reinterpret past adversities-including early-life psychological maltreatment experiences-within broader frameworks of meaning, a process shown to enhance psychological adaptation and resilience (Corona et al., 2019; Wu et al., 2019).”
From Punishment to Transformation: A Phenomenological Study on Post-Traumatic Growth in Former Prisoners
Kirana, R. S., Asad, A. U., & Indrijati, H. (2025) · Psympathic: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi · doi:10.15575/psy.v12i2.45454 · Cited by 1
“In other words, individuals can also experience positive psychological change when facing traumatic events (Wu et al., 2019).”
Effects of Perceived Control in the Relationship Between Psychological Distress and Posttraumatic Growth After Glioma Diagnosis: A Longitudinal Mediation Analysis
ZiWei, X., XiaoYan, W., Yi, R., & Ping, Z. (2025) · Nursing and Health Sciences · doi:10.1111/nhs.70278 · Cited by 1
“In survivorship research, PTG has been recognized as particularly relevant for cancer populations (Wu et al. 2019; Liu et al. 2020).”
Bilinçli Farkındalık ile Travma Sonrası Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Öz Şefkatin Aracı Rolü
Dinç, Ş. N., & Işık, E. (2025) · Current Perspectives in Social Sciences · doi:10.53487/atasobed.1669984 · Cited by 1
Post-Traumatic Growth, Mindfulness, and Quality of Life in Liver Transplant Recipients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Demir, B., Bülbüloğlu, S., & Kayaoğlu, K. (2025) · Transplantology · doi:10.3390/transplantology6040036 · Cited by 1
“An individual with PTG may establish more meaningful relationships with others, appreciate life more, become spiritually stronger, and experience spiritual enrichment [11,12].”

Authors: Wu, X., Kaminga, A. C., Dai, W., Deng, J., Wang, Z., Pan, X., & Liu, A.
Affiliations: Central South University (CN)
Corresponding author: Liu, Aizhong
ORCID: Kaminga, Atipatsa C
Dai, Wenjie
Deng, Jing
Pan, Xiongfeng
Liu, Aizhong
Venue: Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2019-01
Volume: 243
Pages: 408-415
ISSN: 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.023
OpenAlex: W2891592894
Cited by: 314
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 38 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 4
FWCI: 2.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
Keywords: posttraumatic growth, prevalence, traumatic events, sociodemographic factors, trauma characteristics, occupational injuries, firefighters, veterans, intensive care staff, age, time since trauma, direct trauma, psychological resilience
MeSH terms: Posttraumatic Growth, Psychological, Humans, Models, Statistical, Prevalence

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The prevalence of moderate-to-high posttraumatic growth: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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