The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: A Revision Integrating Existential and Spiritual Change
Abstract
Spiritual Change (SC) is one of 5 domains of posttraumatic growth (PTG). The current Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) assesses this area of growth with only 2 items, one focusing on religiosity and the other focusing on spiritual understanding. The addition of 4 newly developed spiritual-existential change (SEC) items, creating an expanded PTGI (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-X), reflects a diversity of perspectives on spiritual-existential experiences that are represented in different cultures. Samples were obtained from 3 countries: the United States (n = 250), Turkey (n = 502), and Japan (n = 314). Analyses indicated that the newly added items capture additional experiences of growth outside traditional religious concepts, yet still are correlated with the original SC items, especially in the U.S. and Turkish samples. Relationships of the PTGI-X to established predictors of PTG, event-related rumination, and core beliefs, were as predicted in all 3 countries. The new 6-item SEC factor demonstrated high internal reliability, and the 5-factor structure of the expanded scale was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. The resulting 25-item PTGI-X can be used as a validated instrument in a wide range of samples in which traditional religious beliefs are less dominant.
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Researchers have reported positive associations between intentionally thinking about traumatic experiences and PTG.
“Evidencing the importance of cognitive processing for PTG, researchers have reported positive associations between intentionally thinking about traumatic experiences and PTG (Tedeschi et al., 2017).”
From Feeling pressured to talk about trauma: How pressure to disclose alters the association between trauma disclosure and posttraumatic growth (2023) · cites this paper as Tedeschi et al., 2017
The PTGI-X has shown high internal consistency in US (α = .97), Turkish (α = .96) and Japanese samples (α = .95).
“The PTGI-X has shown high internal consistency in US (α = .97),Turkish (α = .96)and Japanese samples (α = .95;Tedeschi et al., 2017).”
From DNA methylation of NR3C1 and FKBP5 is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder, posttraumatic growth, and resilience. (2020) · cites this paper as Tedeschi et al., 2017
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- Authors
- Tedeschi, R. G., Cann, A., Taku, K., Senol‐Durak, E., & Calhoun, L. G.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte (US)
- Oakland University (US)
- Department of Psychology Abant Izzet Baysal University Bolu Turkey
- Corresponding author
- Tedeschi, Richard G.
- Venue
- Journal of Traumatic Stress
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-01-18
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 11-18
- ISSN
- 0894-9867 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6598
- OpenAlex
- W2576438724
- Cited by
- 345
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 19.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Traumatic Stress (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Keywords
- posttraumatic growth, spiritual transformation, existential change, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, scale revision, religiosity, cross-cultural validation, rumination, core beliefs, factor structure
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Existentialism, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Japan, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Religion, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Turkey, United States, Reproducibility of Results, Spirituality, Young Adult
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