Emotion regulation in emerging adult gamblers and its mediating role with depressive symptomology

Marchica, Loredana A.; Mills, Devin J.; Keough, Matthew T.; Montreuil, Tina C.; Derevensky, Jeffrey L.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.078

Cited by 22Gambling Behavior and TreatmentsPersonality Disorders and PsychopathologyAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Emotion regulation in emerging adult gamblers and its mediating role with depressive symptomology

Marchica, Loredana A., Mills, Devin J., Keough, Matthew T., Montreuil, Tina C., Derevensky, Jeffrey L.·2019·Journal of Affective Disorders

DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.078

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background It is presently estimated that as much as 10% of emerging adults are at risk for a gambling disorder. The consequences stemming from problematic gambling engagement include increased substance use, mental health disorders, suicidality, financial strain and legal issues. The present study explores whether deficits in emotion regulation explain the association between problem gambling severity and depression.Methods A sample of 820 emerging adult gamblers (M age = 21.14 years-old, SD = 2.90, 50.9% female) completed an online survey including an assessment of problematic engagement in gambling over the past year, levels of anxious/depressive symptomology, and difficulties in emotion regulation. In total, 15.6% and 8.2% of this sample were at moderate or high risk for gambling disorder.Results Results from a linear regression model revealed that difficulties with impulse control positively contributed to problem gambling scores and engagement in goal-directed behavior positively contributed to problem gambling scores, even after accounting for symptoms of depression. Moreover, results from a mediation model revealed that the association between problem gambling and depression was explained by participants' deficits in non-acceptance, goals, strategies, and clarity.Limitations Limitations include the use of self-report and cross-sectional data making it difficult to infer causality.Conclusions These findings add to our understanding of the mechanisms that appear to explain for the first time the affective consequences of problem gambling. Enhancing specific dimensions of emotion regulation will allow for tailored interventions among gamblers with depression, ultimately achieving better mental health outcomes.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.078

Cites

70 of 70 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Emotional regulation difficulties play an important role in the relationship between gambling and other psychopathologies.
“Emotional regulation difficulties have been shown to play an important role in the relationship between these pathologies (Jauregui et al., 2016; Rogier and Velotti, 2018; Marchica et al., 2019).”
From Efficacy of an internet-based psychological intervention for problem gambling and gambling disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as Marchica et al., 2019

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x · Cited by 44,910 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2013) · Cited by 44,563 · see citing works
A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 · Cited by 31,765 · see citing works
Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties.
Arnett, J. J. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.5.469 · Cited by 16,843 · see citing works
The emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review
Gross, J. J. (1998) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271 · Cited by 9,916 · see citing works
Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1023/b:joba.0000007455.08539.94 · Cited by 8,942 · see citing works
Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review
Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004 · Cited by 6,686 · see citing works
Emerging adulthood: What is it, and what is it good For?
Arnett, J. J. (2007) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2007.00016.x · Cited by 2,242 · see citing works
A pathways model of problem and pathological gambling
Blaszczynski, A., & Nower, L. (2002) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00015.x · Cited by 2,013 · see citing works
Emotional distress regulation takes precedence over impulse control: If you feel bad, do it!
Tice, D. M., Bratslavsky, E., & Baumeister, R. F. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.1.53 · Cited by 1,361 · see citing works
THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMOTION REGULATION AND DYSREGULATION: A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE
Cole, P. M., Michel, M. K., & Teti, L. O. (2008) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.1994.tb01278.x · Cited by 1,273 · see citing works
Emotion Regulation and Psychopathology
Sheppes, G., Suri, G., & Gross, J. J. (2015) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112739 · Cited by 1,214 · see citing works
Missing-Data Adjustments in Large Surveys
Little, R. J. A. (1988) · Journal of Business and Economic Statistics · doi:10.1080/07350015.1988.10509663 · Cited by 1,109 · see citing works
Emotion regulation strategies in depressive and anxiety symptoms in youth: A meta-analytic review
Schäfer, J. Ö., Naumann, E., Holmes, E. A., Tuschen-Caffier, B., & Samson, A. C. (2017) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0585-0 · Cited by 941 · see citing works
The Methodology of the Social Sciences.
N., E., Weber, M., Shils, E. A., & Finch, H. A. (1951) · The Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.2307/2020518 · Cited by 923 · see citing works
Effects of suppression and acceptance on emotional responses of individuals with anxiety and mood disorders
Campbell-Sills, L., Barlow, D. H., Brown, T. A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.001 · Cited by 845 · see citing works
The Development of Emotion Regulation and Dysregulation: A Clinical Perspective
Cole, P. M., Michel, M. K., & Teti, L. O. (1994) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1166139 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Short-term meditation induces white matter changes in the anterior cingulate
Tang, Y.-Y., Lu, Q., Geng, X., Stein, E. A., Yang, Y., & Posner, M. I. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1011043107 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Canadian Problem Gambling Index
Ferris, J., Wynne, H., & Single, E. (2011) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t00772-000 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Prevalence of Adolescent Problem Gambling: A Systematic Review of Recent Research
Calado, F., Alexandre, J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2016) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-016-9627-5 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Measurement of emotion dysregulation in adolescents
Weinberg, A., & Klonsky, E. D. (2009) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0016669 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Why gamblers fail to win: a review of cognitive and neuroimaging findings in pathological gambling.
van Holst, R. V., van den Brink, W., Veltman, D., & Goudriaan, A. (2010) · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.07.007 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
THE POPULATION PREVALENCE OF PROBLEM GAMBLING: Methodological Influences, Standardized Rates, Jurisdictional Differences, and Worldwide Trends
Williams, R. J., Volberg, R. A., & Stevens, R. M. G. (2012) · Open ULeth Scholarship (OPUS) (University of Lethbridge) · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Risk factors for pathological gambling
Welte, J. W., Barnes, G. M., Wieczorek, W. F., Tidwell, M. O., & Parker, J. C. (2003) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2003.08.007 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Difficulties in emotion regulation and impulse control in recently abstinent alcoholics compared with social drinkers
Fox, H. C., Hong, K. A., & Sinha, R. (2008) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.10.002 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Emotion Regulation in Current and Remitted Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Visted, E., Vøllestad, J., Nielsen, M. B., & Schanche, E. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00756 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Integrating affect and impulsivity: The role of positive and negative urgency in substance use risk
Smith, G. T., & Cyders, M. A. (2016) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.038 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
A qualitative investigation of problem gambling as an escape‐based coping strategy
Wood, R. T. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2006) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1348/147608306x107881 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Impulsive behaviors as an emotion regulation strategy: Examining associations between PTSD, emotion dysregulation, and impulsive behaviors among substance dependent inpatients
Weiss, N. H., Tull, M. T., Viana, A. G., Anestis, M. D., & Gratz, K. L. (2012) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.01.007 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
REVIEW ARTICLES
Volberg, R. A., Gupta, R., Griffiths, M. D., Ólason, D. Þ., & Delfabbro, P. (2010) · International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health · doi:10.1515/ijamh.2010.22.1.3 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
3. An international perspective on youth gambling prevalence studies
Volberg, R. A., Gupta, R., Griffiths, M. D., Ólason, D. Þ., & Delfabbro, P. (2011) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783110255690.21 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Deficits in emotion regulation associated with pathological gambling
Williams, A. D., Grisham, J. R., Erskine, A., & Cassedy, E. (2011) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.2011.02022.x · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Reliability and validity of data obtained from alcohol, cannabis, and gambling populations on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk.
Kim, H. S., & Hodgins, D. C. (2017) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000219 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Impulsivity and Emotion Dysregulation in Borderline Personality Disorder
Chapman, A. L., Leung, D. W., & Lynch, T. R. (2008) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2008.22.2.148 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Neural Correlates of Pathological Gamblers Preference for Immediate Rewards During the Iowa Gambling Task: An fMRI Study
Power, Y., Goodyear, B. G., & Crockford, D. N. (2011) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-011-9278-5 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Conceptualizing gambling disorder with the process model of emotion regulation
Rogier, G., & Velotti, P. (2018) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.52 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
A Meta-analytical Synthesis and Examination of Pathological and Problem Gambling Rates and Associated Moderators Among College Students, 1987–2016
Nowak, D. E. (2017) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-017-9726-y · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Impulsivity as a mediator in the relationship between depression and problem gambling
Clarke, D. (2006) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.05.008 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Gambling Behavior and Problems Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies
Tse, S. S.-K., Hong, S.-I., Wang, C.-W., & Cunningham‐Williams, R. M. (2012) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbs068 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Emotional and non-emotional pathways to impulsive behavior and addiction.
Torres, A., Catena, A., Megías, A., Maldonado, A., Cándido, A., Verdejo-García, A., & Perales, J. C. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00043 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Problem Gambling in Adolescents: An Examination of the Pathways Model
Gupta, R., Nower, L., Derevensky, J. L., Blaszczynski, A. P., Faregh, N., & Temcheff, C. E. (2012) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-012-9322-0 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citation
Pathological gambling and associated drug and alcohol abuse, emotion regulation, and anxious-depressive symptomatology
Jauregui, P., Estévez, A., & Urbiola, I. (2016) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.5.2016.038 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Experiential avoidance mediates the association between thought suppression and mindfulness with problem gambling.
Riley, B. (2014) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-012-9342-9 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Trait and neurobiological underpinnings of negative emotion regulation in gambling disorder
Navas, J. F., Contreras‐Rodríguez, O., Verdejo‐Román, J., Perandrés‐Gómez, A., Albein‐Urios, N., Verdejo‐García, A., & Perales, J. C. (2017) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13751 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Delay discounting and impulsivity traits in young and older gambling disorder patients
Steward, T., Mestre‐Bach, G., Fernández‐Aranda, F., Granero, R., Perales, J. C., Navas, J. F., Soriano‐Mas, C., Baño, M., Fernández‐Formoso, J. A., Martín‐Romera, V., et al. (2017) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.03.001 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Disordered Gambling: Assessing the Mediating Role of Emotion Dysregulation
Poole, J. C., Kim, H. S. A., Dobson, K. S., & Hodgins, D. C. (2017) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-017-9680-8 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
The epidemiology of pathological gambling
Cunningham‐Williams, R. M., & Cottler, L. B. (2001) · Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1053/scnp.2001.22919 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Predictors of Problem Gambling in the U.S
Welte, J. W., Barnes, G. M., Tidwell, M.-C. O., & Wieczorek, W. F. (2017) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-016-9639-1 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
The role of affect-driven impulsivity in gambling cognitions: a convenience-sample study with a spanish version of the gambling-related cognitions scale
Del Prete, F., Steward, T., Navas, J. F., Fernández-Aranda, F., Jiménez-Murcia, S., Oei, T. P. S., & Perales, J. C. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.001 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The Longitudinal Relationships Between Psychiatric Disorders and Gambling Disorders
Hartmann, M., & Blaszczynski, A. (2018) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-016-9705-z · Cited by 68 · see citing works
A prospective study of adolescent risk and protective factors for problem gambling among young adults
Scholes‐Balog, K. E., Hemphill, S. A., Dowling, N. A., & Toumbourou, J. W. (2014) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.12.006 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The Canadian Problem Gambling Index: An Evaluation of the Scale and Its Accompanying Profiler Software in a Clinical Setting
Young, M. M., & Wohl, M. J. A. (2010) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-010-9224-y · Cited by 60 · see citing works
The Impulsivity and Sensation-Seeking Mediators of the Psychological Consequences of Pathological Gambling in Adolescence
Estévez, A., Herrero‐Fernández, D., Gonzalvo, I. S., & Jáuregui, P. (2013) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-013-9419-0 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Problem Gambling and the Youth-to-Adulthood Transition: Assessing Problem Gambling Severity Trajectories in a Sample of Young Adults
Edgerton, J. D., Melnyk, T. S., & Roberts, L. W. (2014) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-014-9501-2 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Emotion dysregulation across the spectrum of pathological eating: Comparisons among women with binge eating, overeating, and loss of control eating
Racine, S. E., & Horvath, S. A. (2018) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2018.1418381 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Attentional biases in problem and non-problem gamblers
Ciccarelli, M., Nigro, G., Griffiths, M. D., Cosenza, M., & D’Olimpio, F. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.009 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Alexithymia and Pathological Gambling: The Mediating Role of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation
Elmas, H. G., Cesur, G., & Oral, E. (2016) · Turkish Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5080/u13779 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The Canadian Problem Gambling Index: Factor structure and associations with psychopathology in a nationally representative sample.
Brooker, I. S., Clara, I. P., & Cox, B. J. (2009) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/a0014841 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Predicting Problem Gambling in Australian Adults Using a Multifaceted Model of Impulsivity
Blain, B., Gill, P. R., & Teese, R. (2015) · International Gambling Studies · doi:10.1080/14459795.2015.1029960 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Age at onset of DSM-IV pathological gambling in a non-treatment sample: Early- versus later-onset
Black, D. W., Shaw, M. C., Coryell, W. H., Crowe, R., McCormick, B. A., & Allen, J. (2015) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.04.007 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Adaptive and Maladaptive Coping Strategies in Adult Pathological Gamblers and Their Mediating Role with Anxious-Depressive Symptomatology
Jauregui, P., Onaindia, J., & Estévez, A. (2017) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-017-9675-5 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Depressive Symptoms and Gambling Behavior: Mediating Role of Coping Motivation and Gambling Refusal Self-Efficacy
Takamatsu, S., Martens, M. P., & Arterberry, B. J. (2016) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-015-9562-x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Does low coping efficacy mediate the association between negative life events and incident psychopathology? A prospective-longitudinal community study among adolescents and young adults
Asselmann, E., Wittchen, H.-U., Lieb, R., Höfler, M., & Beesdo-Baum, K. (2016) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s204579601500013x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Predicting Gambling Problems from Gambling Outcome Expectancies in College Student-Athletes
St-Pierre, R. A., Temcheff, C. E., Gupta, R., Derevensky, J. L., & Paskus, T. S. (2013) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-012-9355-4 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citation
Another look at impulsivity: Could impulsive behavior be strategic?
Kopetz, C. E., Woerner, J., & Briskin, J. (2018) · Social & Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12385 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Impulsivity, Gambling Cognitions, and the Gambler’s Fallacy in University Students
Marmurek, H. H. C., Switzer, J. L., & D’Alvise, J. (2013) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-013-9421-6 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The Interplay of Appraisals, Specific Coping Styles, and Depressive Symptoms Among Young Male and Female Gamblers
Matheson, K., Wohl, M., & Anisman, H. (2009) · Social Psychology · doi:10.1027/1864-9335.40.4.212 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Characteristics of regular gamblers in Italy: The role of control and emotion regulation.
Zappulla, C., Maggio, R. D., Pace, U., et al. (2015) · Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.) · Cited by 16 · see citing works
[Missing-Data Adjustments in Large Surveys]: Comment
Scheuren, F. J. (1988) · Journal of Business and Economic Statistics · doi:10.2307/1391880 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Efficacy of an internet-based psychological intervention for problem gambling and gambling disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Diaz-Sanahuja, L., Campos, D., Mira, A., Castilla, D., García-Palacios, A., & Bretón-López, J. M. (2021) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2021.100466 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Authors: Marchica, L. A., Mills, D. J., Keough, M. T., Montreuil, T. C., & Derevensky, J. L.
Affiliations: McGill University (CA)
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
University of Manitoba (CA)
Corresponding author: Marchica, Loredana A.
ORCID: Marchica, Loredana A.
Mills, Devin J.
Keough, Matthew T.
Montreuil, Tina C.
Derevensky, Jeffrey L.
Venue: Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2019-11
Volume: 258
Pages: 74-82
ISSN: 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.078
OpenAlex: W2965646158
Cited by: 22
References: 70
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3
FWCI: 3.80
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Société et Culture
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: emotion regulation, problem gambling, emerging adults, depression, gambling addiction, impulse control, goal-directed behavior, mediation
MeSH terms: Emotional Regulation, Adult, Anxiety, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Female, Gambling, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult, Self Report

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Emotion regulation in emerging adult gamblers and its mediating role with depressive symptomology

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks