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Cited by 53Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumMaternal and Neonatal HealthcareMental Health Treatment and Access

Racial and ethnic differences in perinatal depression and anxiety

Open access
Sujan, Ayesha C., Nance, Nerissa, Quesenberry, Charles, Ridout, Kathryn, Bhalala, Mibhali, Avalos, Lyndsay A.·2023·Journal of Affective Disorders
DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.123PMC PMC10234114
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Abstract

Background Findings on racial and ethnic differences in perinatal depression/anxiety are mixed.Methods We assessed racial and ethnic differences in depression, anxiety, and comorbid depression/anxiety diagnoses in the year before, during, and the year after pregnancy (n = 116,449) and depression severity during (n = 72,475) and in the year after (n = 71,243) pregnancy among patients in a large, integrated healthcare delivery system.Results Compared to Non-Hispanic White individuals, Asian individuals had lower risk of perinatal depression and anxiety (e.g., depression during pregnancy relative risk [RR] = 0.35, 95 % confidence interval [CI]:0.33-0.38) and postpartum moderate/severe (RR = 0.63, 95 % CI:0.60-0.67) and severe (RR = 0.66, 95 CI:0.61-0.71) depression but higher risk of moderate/severe depression during pregnancy (RR = 1.18, 95 % CI:1.11-1.25). Non-Hispanic Black individuals had higher risk of perinatal depression, comorbid depression/anxiety, and moderate/severe and severe depression (e.g., depression diagnoses during pregnancy RR = 1.35, 95 % CI:1.26-1.44). Hispanic individuals had lower risk of depression during pregnancy and perinatal anxiety (e.g., depression during pregnancy RR = 0.86, 95 % CI:0.82-0.90) but higher risk of postpartum depression (RR = 1.14, 95 % CI:1.09-1.20) and moderate/severe and severe depression during and after pregnancy (e.g., severe depression during pregnancy RR = 1.59, 95 % CI:1.45-1.75).Limitations Information on depression severity was unavailable for some pregnancies. Findings may not generalize to individuals without insurance or outside of Northern California.Conclusions Non-Hispanic Black individuals of reproductive age should be targeted with prevention and intervention efforts aimed at reducing and treating depression and anxiety. Asian and Hispanic individuals of reproductive age should be targeted with campaigns to destigmatize mental health disorders and demystify treatments and systematically screened for depression/anxiety.

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Authors
Sujan, A. C., Nance, N., Quesenberry, C., Ridout, K., Bhalala, M., & Avalos, L. A.
Affiliations
Kaiser Permanente (US)
Corresponding author
Sujan, Ayesha C.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2023-08
Volume
334
Pages
297-301
ISSN
0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.123
PMC
PMC10234114
OpenAlex
W4372311950
Cited by
53
References
19
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 1
FWCI
13.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Affective Disorders (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • NICHD (R01 HD101483-01A1)
  • National Institutes of Health
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords
perinatal anxiety, racial and ethnic disparities, pregnancy, postpartum depression, Asian women, Hispanic women, Black women, depression severity, comorbid depression and anxiety, mental health screening, mental health stigma
MeSH terms
White, Anxiety, Asian, Black or African American, Depression, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnant People, Pregnant Women, Racial Groups

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