Sociodemographic Characteristics of Members of a Large, Integrated Health Care System: Comparison with US Census Bureau Data
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Data from the memberships of large, integrated health care systems can be valuable for clinical, epidemiologic, and health services research, but a potential selection bias may threaten the inference to the population of interest. METHODS: We reviewed administrative records of members of Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) in 2000 and 2010, and we compared their sociodemographic characteristics with those of the underlying population in the coverage area on the basis of US Census Bureau data. RESULTS: We identified 3,328,579 KPSC members in 2000 and 3,357,959 KPSC members in 2010, representing approximately 16% of the population in the coverage area. The distribution of sex and age of KPSC members appeared to be similar to the census reference population in 2000 and 2010 except with a slightly higher proportion of 40 to 64 year olds. The proportion of Hispanics/Latinos was comparable between KPSC and the census reference population (37.5% vs 38.2%, respectively, in 2000 and 45.2% vs 43.3% in 2010). However, KPSC members included more blacks (14.9% vs 7.0% in 2000 and 10.8% vs 6.5% in 2010). Neighborhood educational levels and neighborhood household incomes were generally similar between KPSC members and the census reference population, but with a marginal underrepresentation of individuals with extremely low income and high education. CONCLUSIONS: The membership of KPSC reflects the socioeconomic diversity of the Southern California census population, suggesting that findings from this setting may provide valid inference for clinical, epidemiologic, and health services research.
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Kaiser Permanente Southern California's racial/ethnic make-up, neighbourhood education and household income are generally similar to the area population.
“Racial/ethnic make- up, neighbourhood education and household income are generally similar to the area population. 17”
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- Authors
- Koebnick, C., Langer-Gould, A. M., Gould, M. K., Chao, C. R., Iyer, R. L., Smith, N., Chen, W., & Jacobsen, S. J.
- Affiliations
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Permanente Journal
- Publisher
- The Permanente Federation
- Published
- 2012-09
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 37-41
- ISSN
- 1552-5767 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5775
- PMC
- PMC3442759
- OpenAlex
- W1980040599
- Cited by
- 789
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 95 · 2021: 94 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 82.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Permanente Journal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Kaiser Permanente
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Healthcare Policy and Management
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Medical Coding and Health Information
- Keywords
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, integrated health system, selection bias, sociodemographic factors, Hispanic/Latino populations, racial and ethnic representation, household income, educational attainment, Southern California
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Black or African American, California, Child, Child, Preschool, Clinical Trials as Topic, Data Collection, Educational Status, Family Characteristics, Female, Health Services Research, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Income, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Poverty, Residence Characteristics, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Patient Selection, Delivery of Health Care, Integrated, Censuses, Black People, Young Adult
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