The Global Evolution of Meningococcal Epidemiology Following the Introduction of Meningococcal Vaccines
Open accessAbstract
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by Neisseria meningitidis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Although IMD incidence is highest in infants, a second peak occurs in adolescents/young adults. The incidence of IMD and the predominant disease-causing meningococcal serogroups vary worldwide. Epidemiologic data have guided the development of meningococcal vaccines to reduce the IMD burden. In Europe, serogroup C IMD has been substantially reduced since the introduction of a serogroup C conjugate vaccine. Serogroup B predominates in Europe, although cases of serogroup Y IMD have been increasing in recent years. In the United States, declines in serogroup C and Y disease have been observed in association with the introduction of quadrivalent (serogroups ACWY) meningococcal conjugate vaccines; serogroup B persists and is now the most common cause of outbreak associated disease. In the African meningitis belt, a conjugate vaccine for serogroup A has been effective in decreasing meningitis associated with that serogroup. Outbreaks of the previously rare serogroup X disease have been reported in this region since 2006. In recent years, outbreaks of serogroup B IMD, for which vaccines have only recently been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency, have occurred in Europe and the United States. Targeting meningococcal vaccination to adolescents/young adults may reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with IMD and has the potential to impact the larger community through herd benefits.
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Serogroup C N. meningitidis is the most common cause of meningococcal disease in the US.
“while serogroup C is the most common in the US. [80]”
From Global etiology of bacterial meningitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (2018) · cites this paper as [80]
The United States section says serogroups B and C accounted for most reported cases in 2013, but it does not identify C as the single most common serogroup. The paper separately identifies B as the most common cause of outbreak-associated disease; that narrower finding does not establish which serogroup caused the most US cases overall. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn recent years, serogroup B N. meningitidis is responsible for the majority of meningococcal disease in Europe.
“Previous studies have identified that in recent years serogroup B N. meningitidis is responsible for the majority of meningococcal disease in Europe, [79, 80]”
From Global etiology of bacterial meningitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (2018) · cites this paper as [80]
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Flagged first, then by citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Global etiology of bacterial meningitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
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- Authors
- Pelton, S. I.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pelton, Stephen I.
- ORCID
- Pelton, Stephen I.
- Venue
- Journal of Adolescent Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-08
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- S3-S11
- ISSN
- 1054-139X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2492965336
- Cited by
- 199
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 3.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Adolescent Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Keywords
- invasive meningococcal disease, Neisseria meningitidis, meningococcal vaccine, serogroup B meningococcal disease, African meningitis belt, vaccine impact, herd immunity, adolescents and young adults, serogroup distribution, outbreak
- MeSH terms
- Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Meningitis, Meningococcal, Neisseria meningitidis, Global Health, Incidence, Age Distribution, Vaccines, Conjugate, Meningococcal Vaccines
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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