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Prevalence of Food Sensitization and Food Allergy in Children Across Europe

Lyons, Sarah A., Clausen, Michael, Knulst, André C., Ballmer-Weber, Barbara K., Fernandez-Rivas, Montserrat, Barreales, Laura, Bieli, Christian, Dubakiene, Ruta, Fernandez-Perez, Cristina, Jedrzejczak-Czechowicz, Monika, Kowalski, Marek L., Kralimarkova, Tanya, Kummeling, Ischa, Mustakov, Tihomir B., Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., Popov, Todor A., Xepapadaki, Paraskevi, Welsing, Paco M.J., Potts, James, Mills, E.N. Clare, van Ree, Ronald, Burney, Peter G.J., Le, Thuy-My·2020·The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
DOI 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.04.020
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FIGURE 1 Flowchart. Case: subject self-reporting symptoms to at least 1 priority food; Control: subject not reporting symptoms to any priority food; New case: subjects who reported symptoms to priority foods in phase II, but symptoms to only nonpriority foods in phase I, most likely due to the maximum of 3 foods that could be reported in phase I (see ' Food Allergy Screening Questionnaire for Children ' in this article ' s Online Repository). *Sofia was excluded from calculation of probable FA prevalence because of lack of cases participating in phase I. **Probable FA to cow ' s milk, hen ' s egg, fish, shrimp, peanut, hazelnut, apple, peach, or celery . PFA , Probable food allergy .
FIGURE 1 Flowchart. Case: subject self-reporting symptoms to at least 1 priority food; Control: subject not reporting symptoms to any priority food; New case: subjects who reported symptoms to priority foods in phase II, but symptoms to only nonpriority foods in phase I, most likely due to the maximum of 3 foods that could be reported in phase I (see ' Food Allergy Screening Questionnaire for Children ' in this article ' s Online Repository). *Sofia was excluded from calculation of probable FA prevalence because of lack of cases participating in phase I. **Probable FA to cow ' s milk, hen ' s egg, fish, shrimp, peanut, hazelnut, apple, peach, or celery . PFA , Probable food allergy .CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
Image 2
CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
FIGURE 3 FS across Europe. This figure displays the prevalence of FS for each priority food in each center, and the upper limit of the 95% CIs. For numeric prevalence estimates of FS, view T able E1 in this article's Online Repository at www.jaci-inpractice.org. Foods are sorted according to food group. The birch-endemic centers are displayed in the top row.
FIGURE 3 FS across Europe. This figure displays the prevalence of FS for each priority food in each center, and the upper limit of the 95% CIs. For numeric prevalence estimates of FS, view T able E1 in this article's Online Repository at www.jaci-inpractice.org. Foods are sorted according to food group. The birch-endemic centers are displayed in the top row.CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
FIGURE 4 Plant-source FS: primary sensitization and cross-reactivity in children. For classification of primary sensitization, PR-10, CCD, and profilin cross-reactivity , view Figure E1. Only subjects with sensitization to plant-source foods are included in this figure.
FIGURE 4 Plant-source FS: primary sensitization and cross-reactivity in children. For classification of primary sensitization, PR-10, CCD, and profilin cross-reactivity , view Figure E1. Only subjects with sensitization to plant-source foods are included in this figure.CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
FIGURE 5 Probable FA across Europe. This figure displays the prevalence of probable FA for each priority food in each center, and the upper limit of the 95%CIs. For numeric prevalence estimates of probable FA, view T able E3 in this article ' s Online Repository at www.jaciinpractice.org. Foods are sorted according to food group. The birch endemic centers are displayed in the top row.
FIGURE 5 Probable FA across Europe. This figure displays the prevalence of probable FA for each priority food in each center, and the upper limit of the 95%CIs. For numeric prevalence estimates of probable FA, view T able E3 in this article ' s Online Repository at www.jaciinpractice.org. Foods are sorted according to food group. The birch endemic centers are displayed in the top row.CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
FIGURE E1. Classification of FS into primary sensitization and cross-reactive sensitization. Subjects were classified into 1 or more of the boxes depending on their sensitization patterns (ie, subjects could have both primary and cross-reactive sensitization). This is a simplified classification, designed for exploratory purposes, and subjects with cross-reactive sensitization through food rather than pollen, or with cross-reactive sensitization to tropomyosins (eg, shrimp through house-dust mite), have been classified as primary sensitization. However, aforementioned cross-reactivity patterns are much less common than pollen-related cross-reactivity , and are expected to have only limited influence on the prevalence estimates of primary FS. Green: Primary sensitization ( ¼ definite, or undefined but likely primary sensitization). Orange: cross-reactive sensitization.
FIGURE E1. Classification of FS into primary sensitization and cross-reactive sensitization. Subjects were classified into 1 or more of the boxes depending on their sensitization patterns (ie, subjects could have both primary and cross-reactive sensitization). This is a simplified classification, designed for exploratory purposes, and subjects with cross-reactive sensitization through food rather than pollen, or with cross-reactive sensitization to tropomyosins (eg, shrimp through house-dust mite), have been classified as primary sensitization. However, aforementioned cross-reactivity patterns are much less common than pollen-related cross-reactivity , and are expected to have only limited influence on the prevalence estimates of primary FS. Green: Primary sensitization ( ¼ definite, or undefined but likely primary sensitization). Orange: cross-reactive sensitization.CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
FIGURE E2. Flowcharts for (A) Zurich, ( B ) Madrid, ( C ) Athens, ( D ) Utrecht, ( E ) Lodz, ( F ) Vilnius, ( G ) Reykjavik, and ( H ) Sofia. Case: subject self-reporting symptoms to at least 1 priority food; Control: subject not reporting symptoms to any priority food; New case: subjects who reported symptoms to priority foods in phase II, but symptoms only to nonpriority foods in phase I, most likely due to the maximum of 3 foods that could be reported in phase I (see ' Food Allergy Screening Questionnaire for Children ' in this article ' s Online Repository at www.jaci-inpractice.org.). PFA , Probable food allergy.
FIGURE E2. Flowcharts for (A) Zurich, ( B ) Madrid, ( C ) Athens, ( D ) Utrecht, ( E ) Lodz, ( F ) Vilnius, ( G ) Reykjavik, and ( H ) Sofia. Case: subject self-reporting symptoms to at least 1 priority food; Control: subject not reporting symptoms to any priority food; New case: subjects who reported symptoms to priority foods in phase II, but symptoms only to nonpriority foods in phase I, most likely due to the maximum of 3 foods that could be reported in phase I (see ' Food Allergy Screening Questionnaire for Children ' in this article ' s Online Repository at www.jaci-inpractice.org.). PFA , Probable food allergy.CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
FIGURE E2. ( CONTINUED ).
FIGURE E2. ( CONTINUED ).CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
FIGURE E2. ( CONTINUED ).
FIGURE E2. ( CONTINUED ).CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
FIGURE E2. ( CONTINUED ).
FIGURE E2. ( CONTINUED ).CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
FIGURE E3. Plant FS: primary sensitization and cross-reactivity in adults. For classification of primary sensitization, PR-10, CCD, and profilin cross-reactivity , view Figure E1.
FIGURE E3. Plant FS: primary sensitization and cross-reactivity in adults. For classification of primary sensitization, PR-10, CCD, and profilin cross-reactivity , view Figure E1.CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF

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Research works printed but not linked: 22

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Authors
Lyons, S. A., Clausen, M., Knulst, A. C., Ballmer-Weber, B. K., Fernandez-Rivas, M., Barreales, L., Bieli, C., Dubakiene, R., Fernandez-Perez, C., Jedrzejczak-Czechowicz, M., Kowalski, M. L., Kralimarkova, T., Kummeling, I., Mustakov, T. B., Papadopoulos, N. G., Popov, T. A., Xepapadaki, P., Welsing, P. M. J., Potts, J., Mills, E. N. C., van Ree, R., Burney, P. G. J., & Le, T.-M.
Venue
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2020-09
Volume
8
Issue
8
Pages
2736-2746.e9
ISSN
2213-2198
DOI
10.1016/j.jaip.2020.04.020
Cited by
202
References
0
Language
en
Licence
Funders
  • Meso Scale Diagnostics
  • Boehringer Ingelheim
  • Novartis Pharma
  • AstraZeneca
  • European Commission (FP6-FOOD-CT-2005-514000)
  • Sanofi
  • Novartis

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