The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Blood‐brain barrier failure as a core mechanism in cerebral small vessel disease and dementia: evidence from a cohort study
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: Small vessel disease (SVD) is a common contributor to dementia. Subtle blood‐brain barrier (BBB) leakage may be important in SVD‐induced brain damage. Methods: We assessed imaging, clinical variables, and cognition in patients with mild (i.e., nondisabling) ischemic lacunar or cortical stroke. We analyzed BBB leakage, interstitial fluid, and white matter integrity using multimodal tissue‐specific spatial analysis around white matter hyperintensities (WMH). We assessed predictors of 1 year cognition, recurrent stroke, and dependency. Results: In 201 patients, median age 67 (range 34–97), BBB leakage, and interstitial fluid were higher in WMH than normal‐appearing white matter; leakage in normal‐appearing white matter increased with proximity to WMH (P < .0001), with WMH severity (P = .033), age (P = .03), and hypertension (P < .0001). BBB leakage in WMH predicted declining cognition at 1 year. Discussion: BBB leakage increases in normal‐appearing white matter with WMH and predicts worsening cognition. Interventions to reduce BBB leakage may prevent SVD‐associated dementia.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Lozano, R., Naghavi, M., Foreman, K., Lim, S., Shibuya, K., Aboyans, V., Abraham, J., Adair, T., Aggarwal, R., Ahn, S. Y., et al. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61728-0 · Cited by 14,070 · cited 1×
“Q2 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 74 *Corresponding au E-mail address: jo http://dx.doi.org/10.10 1552-5260/ 2016 T (http://creativecommo 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 barrier (BBB) leakage may be important in…”
InfluentialWardlaw, J. M., Smith, E. E., Biessels, G. J., Cordonnier, C., Fazekas, F., Frayne, R., Lindley, R. I., O'Brien, J. T., Barkhof, F., Benavente, O. R., et al. (2013) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70124-8 · Cited by 5,544
Self-citationNgandu, T., Lehtisalo, J., Solomon, A., Levälahti, E., Ahtiluoto, S., Antikainen, R., Bäckman, L., Hänninen, T., Jula, A., Laatikainen, T., et al. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60461-5 · Cited by 3,689
Debette, S., & Markus, H. S. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c3666 · Cited by 2,328
Blood-brain barrier breakdown in the aging human hippocampus
Montagne, A., Barnes, S. R., Sweeney, M. D., Halliday, M. R., Sagare, A. P., Zhao, Z., Toga, A. W., Jacobs, R. E., Liu, C. Y., Amezcua, L., et al. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.032 · Cited by 2,102
The Pathobiology of Vascular Dementia
Iadecola, C. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.008 · Cited by 1,857
Mechanisms of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease: insights from neuroimaging
Wardlaw, J. M., Smith, C., & Dichgans, M. (2013) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70060-7 · Cited by 1,657
Self-citationBrain Infarction and the Clinical Expression of Alzheimer Disease<subtitle>The Nun Study</subtitle>
Snowdon, D. A. (1997) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540340047031 · Cited by 1,590
Silent brain infarcts: a systematic review
Vermeer, S. E., Longstreth, W. T., & Koudstaal, P. J. (2007) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(07)70170-9 · Cited by 1,221
Blood–brain barrier: Ageing and microvascular disease – systematic review and meta-analysis
Farrall, A. J., & Wardlaw, J. M. (2009) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.07.015 · Cited by 882
Self-citation
Cited by
Small vessel disease: mechanisms and clinical implications
Wardlaw, J. M., Smith, C., & Dichgans, M. (2019) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30079-1 · Cited by 1,777
Self-citationPerivascular spaces in the brain: anatomy, physiology and pathology
Wardlaw, J. M., Benveniste, H., Nedergaard, M., Zlokovic, B. V., Mestre, H., Lee, H., Doubal, F. N., Brown, R., Ramirez, J., MacIntosh, B. J., et al. (2020) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-020-0312-z · Cited by 870
Self-citationVascular dysfunction—The disregarded partner of Alzheimer's disease
Sweeney, M. D., Montagne, A., Sagare, A. P., Nation, D. A., Schneider, L. S., Chui, H. C., Harrington, M. G., Pa, J., Law, M., Wang, D. J. J., et al. (2019) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.222 · Cited by 711
Self-citationBlood–brain barrier leakage is increased in parkinson’s disease
Al-Bachari, S., Naish, J. H., Parker, G. J. M., Emsley, H. C. A., & Parkes, L. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.593026 · Cited by 263
Thrippleton, M. J., Backes, W. H., Sourbron, S., Ingrisch, M., van Osch, M. J. P., Dichgans, M., Fazekas, F., Ropele, S., Frayne, R., van Oostenbrugge, R. J., et al. (2019) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2019.01.013 · Cited by 252
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Wardlaw, J. M., Makin, S. J., Valdés Hernández, M. C., Armitage, P. A., Heye, A. K., Chappell, F. M., Muñoz‐Maniega, S., Sakka, E., Shuler, K., Dennis, M. S., & Thrippleton, M. J.
- Venue
- Alzheimer's & Dementia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-10-27
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 634-643
- ISSN
- 1552-5260 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5279
- OpenAlex
- W2544891436
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 24
- FWCI
- 10.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Blood‐brain barrier failure as a core mechanism in cerebral small vessel disease and dementia: evidence from a cohort study. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.jalz.2016.09.006
- The paper
- Wardlaw, J. M., Makin, S. J., Valdés Hernández, M. C., Armitage, P. A., Heye, A. K., Chappell, F. M., Muñoz‐Maniega, S., Sakka, E., Shuler, K., Dennis, M. S., & Thrippleton, M. J. (2017). Blood‐brain barrier failure as a core mechanism in cerebral small vessel disease and dementia: evidence from a cohort study. Alzheimer's & Dementia. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2016.09.006
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.