A scoping review of dementia interventions in home-based primary care
Open accessAbstract
Objectives Home-based primary care (HBPC) provides interdisciplinary, longitudinal, comprehensive care at home to homebound older adults. The prevalence of dementia among HBPC recipients is approximately 50%. To date, little research has been performed to determine whether dementia-specific interventions have been conducted in HBPC or their efficacy. We performed a scoping review to assess the landscape of dementia interventions in HBPC.Design Systematic scoping review.Setting and participants Care delivery programs for patients or caregivers of patients with dementia for the purpose of improving the management of dementia in the setting of HBPC.Methods The PRISMA-ScR protocol was followed. Literature searches were performed using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for articles on dementia-focused interventions implemented in HBPC. Articles were excluded if they consisted of abstracts only, were not in English, or were not dementia interventions in HBPC.Results A total of 1657 unique titles and abstracts were screened. Overall, 1584 titles and abstracts were excluded, resulting in 73 full-text studies to assess for eligibility. Of these 73 full-text studies, 1 study met criteria for inclusion, an observational study assessing the implementation of the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health (REACH) intervention in Veterans Affairs HBPC. That study found the intervention to be effective in reducing caregiver burden, with a decrease of 2 hours on duty per day, trending toward significance. Among the excluded 72 full-text studies, some studies included potentially relevant interventions that could be translated into HBPC care, including dementia interventions that targeted long-term services and supports, office-based primary care and other nonhome settings such as nursing homes, and home-based palliative care.Conclusions and implications Despite high prevalence of dementia among homebound older adults receiving HBPC, there are a dearth of studies on HBPC-specific dementia interventions. Future studies should consider adapting and testing interventions found to be effective in other settings to HBPC.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Models like HBPC are gaining increasing recognition for their potential to enhance continuity and person-centeredness in transitional care.
“Similarly, models like HBPC are gaining increasing recognition for their potential to enhance continuity and person-centeredness in transitional care (Li et al., 2022; Sy et al., 2024; Weiner et al., 2024).”
From Mind the gap: a systematic review of barriers, facilitators, and experiences of care transitions for people living with dementia and their informal caregivers. (2026) · cites this paper as Weiner et al., 2024
Cites
PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation
Tricco, A. C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O'Brien, K. K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., Moher, D., Peters, M. D. J., Horsley, T., Weeks, L., et al. (2018) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m18-0850 · Cited by 43,565 · see citing works
Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework
Arksey, H., & O'Malley, L. (2005) · International Journal of Social Research Methodology · doi:10.1080/1364557032000119616 · Cited by 36,742 · see citing works
A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies
Grant, M. J., & Booth, A. (2009) · Health Information & Libraries Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x · Cited by 10,817 · see citing works
Epidemiology of the Homebound Population in the United States
Ornstein, K. A., Leff, B. A., Covinsky, K. E., Ritchie, C. S., Federman, A. D., Roberts, L., Kelley, A. S., Siu, A. L., & Szanton, S. L. (2015) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.1849 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Possin, K. L., Merrilees, J. J., Dulaney, S., Bonasera, S. J., Chiong, W., Lee, K., Hooper, S. M., Allen, I. E., Braley, T., Bernstein, A., et al. (2019) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.4101 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Graff, M. J. L., Adang, E., Vernooij-Dassen, M. J. M., Dekker, J., Jönsson, L., Thijssen, M., Hoefnagels, W. H. L., & Rikkert, M. G. M. O. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39408.481898.be · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Parker, D., Mills, S., & Abbey, J. (2008) · International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare · doi:10.1111/j.1744-1609.2008.00090.x · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Translation of a Dementia Caregiver Support Program in a Health Care System—REACH VA
Nichols, L. O., Martindale-Adams, J., Burns, R., Graney, M. J., & Zuber, J. (2011) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.548 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Emerging Collaborative Care Models for Dementia Care in the Primary Care Setting: A Narrative Review
Heintz, H., Monette, P., Epstein-Lubow, G., Smith, L., Rowlett, S., & Forester, B. P. (2020) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2019.07.015 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Home‐based primary care: A systematic review of the literature, 2010–2020
Zimbroff, R. M., Ornstein, K. A., & Sheehan, O. C. (2021) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.17365 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Tanner, J. A., Black, B. S., Johnston, D. M., Hess, E., Leoutsakos, J., Gitlin, L. N., Rabins, P. V., Lyketsos, C. G., & Samus, Q. M. (2014) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2014.08.002 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Parker, D., Mills, S., & Abbey, J. (2008) · JBI Library of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.11124/jbisrir-2008-217 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Amjad, H., Wong, S. K., Roth, D. L., Huang, J., Willink, A., Black, B. S., Johnston, D. M., Rabins, P. V., Gitlin, L. N., Lyketsos, C. G., et al. (2017) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12647 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Family Caregiver Skills Training to Improve Experiences of Care: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Houtven, C. H. V., Smith, V. A., Lindquist, J. H., Chapman, J. G., Hendrix, C. C., Hastings, S. N., Oddone, E. Ž., King, H. A., Shepherd‐Banigan, M. E., & Weinberger, M. (2019) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-019-05209-x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Palliative care for people with dementia living at home: A systematic review of interventions
Miranda, R., Bunn, F., Lynch, J. K., den Block, L. V., & Goodman, C. M. (2019) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216319847092 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Home-Based Care Reimagined: A Full-Fledged Health Care Delivery Ecosystem Without Walls
Ritchie, C. S., & Leff, B. A. (2022) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01011 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Fortinsky, R. H., Gitlin, L. N., Pizzi, L. T., Piersol, C. V., Grady, J. J., Robison, J. T., Molony, S. L., & Wakefield, D. B. (2020) · Innovation in Aging · doi:10.1093/geroni/igaa053 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Noel, M. A., Kaluzynski, T. S., & Templeton, V. H. (2015) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/0733464815589986 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
D’Souza, M. F., Davagnino, J., Hastings, S. N., Sloane, R. J., Kamholz, B. A., & Twersky, J. (2015) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.13448 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Home hospice for older people with advanced dementia: a pilot project
Sternberg, S. A., Sabar, R., Katz, G., Segal, R., Fux-Zach, L., Grofman, V., Roth, G., Cohen, N., Radomyslaski, Z., & Bentur, N. (2019) · Israel Journal of Health Policy Research · doi:10.1186/s13584-019-0304-x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Nakanishi, M., Endo, K., Hirooka, K., Granvik, E., Minthon, L., Nägga, K., & Nishida, A. (2017) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4784 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Advanced dementia: an integrated homecare programme
Hum, A. Y. M., Tay, R. Y., Wong, Y., Ali, N. B., Leong, I. Y. O., Wu, H. Y., Chin, J. J., Lee, A. O. K., & Koh, M. Y. H. (2019) · BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care · doi:10.1136/bmjspcare-2019-001798 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Clarkson, P., Hughes, J., Roe, B. H., Giebel, C. M., Jolley, D. J., Poland, F. M., Abendstern, M., Chester, H., Challis, D., & Members of the HoSt‐D (Home Support in Dementia) Programme Management Group (2017) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.13460 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Integrated palliative homecare in advanced dementia: reduced healthcare utilisation and costs
Pereira, M. J., Tay, R. Y., Tan, W. S., Molina, J. A. D. C., Ali, N. B., Leong, I. Y. O., Wu, H. Y., Chin, J. J., Lee, A. O. K., Koh, M. Y. H., et al. (2020) · BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care · doi:10.1136/bmjspcare-2019-002145 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Cost–Benefit Analysis of the COPE Program for Persons Living With Dementia: Toward a Payment Model
Pizzi, L. T., Jutkowitz, E., Prioli, K. M., Lu, E., Babcock, Z. R., McAbee‐Sevick, H., Wakefield, D. B., Robison, J. T., Molony, S. L., Piersol, C. V., et al. (2021) · Innovation in Aging · doi:10.1093/geroni/igab042 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Trajectories of care and outcomes of Veterans receiving home‐based primary care
Edwards, S. T., O'Neill, A., Niederhausen, M., Salvi, A., Laliberte, A. Z., Saha, S., Hynes, D. M., Pizer, S. D., & Kinosian, B. P. (2023) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.18607 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Vellani, S., Puts, M., Iaboni, A., Degan, C., & McGilton, K. S. (2022) · Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement · doi:10.1017/s0714980821000349 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Time Providing Care Outside Visits in a Home‐Based Primary Care Program
Pedowitz, E., Ornstein, K. A., Farber, J., & DeCherrie, L. V. (2014) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12828 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Nakanishi, M., Hirooka, K., Imai, Y., Inoue, S., Yukari, Y., Katayama, C., Miyamoto, Y., Shindo, Y., Ueno, H., Toya, J., et al. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-171077 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Prevalence of use and characteristics of users of home‐based medical care in Medicare Advantage
Leff, B. A., Ritchie, C. S., Ciemins, E. L., & Dunning, S. C. (2022) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.18085 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Toles, M., Leeman, J., McKay, M. H., Covington, J., & Hanson, L. C. (2022) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.09.016 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Caregiver outcomes of a dementia care program
Evertson, L. C., Jennings, L. A., Reuben, D. B., Zaila, K. E., Akram, N., Romero, T., & Tan, Z. S. (2021) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.02.003 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Design and Development of a Community-Based, Interdisciplinary, Collaborative Dementia Care Program
Goldfarb, D., Allen, A. M., Nisson, L. E., Petitti, D. B., Saner, D., Langford, C., Burke, W. J., Reiman, E. M., Atri, A., & Tariot, P. N. (2021) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2021.10.014 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Vellani, S., Puts, M. T. E., Iaboni, A., Degan, C., & McGilton, K. S. (2022) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Kellett, K., Robison, J. T., McAbee‐Sevick, H., Gitlin, L. N., Piersol, C. V., & Fortinsky, R. H. (2022) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnac068 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The memory clinic and psychosocial intervention: Translating past promise into current practices
Moniz-Cook, E. D., & Mountain, G. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences · doi:10.3389/fresc.2023.1052244 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Leff, B. A., Ritchie, C. S., Freeland, D. G., Jamshed, N., Major, A. B., Gallopyn, N., Sharieff, S., Taylor, J., Yudin, J., & Sheehan, O. C. (2022) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2022.02.017 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Greene, L., Brain, J., Watkins, P., Kafadar, A. H., Sabatini, S., Blundell, B., Bothe, E., Harper, K., Hersh, D., Morrisby, C., et al. (2026) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnaf275 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ritchie, C. S., Leff, B. A., Sy, M. S., Thacker, A., Donelan, K., Forester, B. P., Sheehan, O. C., & the Dementia Care Quality at Home Writing Group (2025) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.70112 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Let home care be the GUIDE : Integrating quality dementia care into existing home care teams
Howe, R. J., Driver, J. A., Ritchie, C. S., McCreedy, E. M., & Sullivan, J. L. (2024) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.19237 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Thacker, A., Sy, M. S., Leff, B. A., Ritchie, C. S., & Sheehan, O. C. (2025) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648251317301 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Golden, A. G., Williams, C., Yadav, H., Masternak, M. M., Labyak, C. A., Holland, P. J., Arikawa, A. Y., & Jain, S. (2025) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-025-01641-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Who Provides Home-Based Primary Care to People With Dementia?
O’Reilly-Jacob, M., Horton, M., Ji, X., Carolyn, C., Soo Borson, B., Poghosyan, L., & Liu, J. (2026) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/00989134-20260316-02
- Authors
- Weiner, J. D., Leff, B., & Ritchie, C. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Weiner, Jeffrey D.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-07
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 105001
- ISSN
- 1525-8610 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4395000646
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 0.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American Medical Directors Association (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- John A Hartford Foundation
- National Institute on Aging
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Keywords
- dementia, home-based primary care, homebound older adults, dementia interventions, caregiver burden, Alzheimer's disease, long-term services and supports, home-based palliative care, Department of Veterans Affairs
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Dementia, Female, Home Care Services, Humans, Male, Primary Health Care, Caregivers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
