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Development and initial validation of a self-report assessment tool for anxiety among older adults: The Geriatric Anxiety Scale
Abstract
Anxiety is a common experience among older adults and can be a cause for major clinical concern. Brief and psychometrically sound screening instruments are needed to detect anxiety in later life. The purposes of this study were to develop a brief, self-report measure of anxiety for use with older adults (called the Geriatric Anxiety Scale [GAS]) and to report on its preliminary psychometrics. The GAS includes 30 self-report items of which 25 items represent three common domains of anxiety symptoms among older adults (cognitive, somatic, and affective) and 5 items represent common content areas of worry. The GAS total score and subscale scores demonstrated good internal reliability in community dwelling and in clinical samples. In addition, correlation analyses provided solid evidence of convergent and construct validity for the GAS in both samples. Present results support the preliminary validity of the GAS for clinical and research purposes. We conclude with a discussion of limitations and future research topics.
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“The Geriatric Depression Scale [49], Geriatric Anxiety Scale [50], and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery [51] were administered at baseline and follow-up to assess for changes in mood and cognitive functioning.”
From Participatory Design, Development, and Testing of Assistive Health Robots with Older Adults: An International Four-year Project (2022) · cites this paper as [50]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Segal, D. L., June, A., Payne, M., Coolidge, F. L., & Yochim, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Colorado Springs (US)
- Corresponding author
- Segal, Daniel L.
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 709-714
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2119512427
- Cited by
- 219
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 6.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Keywords
- Geriatric Anxiety Scale, anxiety in older adults, self-report measure development, anxiety screening, psychometric validation, internal consistency, convergent validity, construct validity, somatic anxiety, worry, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self-Assessment, Reproducibility of Results
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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