The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
More reasons to be straightforward: Findings and norms for two scales relevant to social anxiety
Open accessAbstract
The validity of both the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation scale has been well-supported, yet the scales have a small number of reverse-scored items that may detract from the validity of their total scores. The current study investigates two characteristics of participants that may be associated with compromised validity of these items: higher age and lower levels of education. In community and clinical samples, the validity of each scale's reverse-scored items was moderated by age, years of education, or both. The straightforward items did not show this pattern. To encourage the use of the straightforward items of these scales, we provide normative data from the same samples as well as two large student samples. We contend that although response bias can be a substantial problem, the reverse-scored questions of these scales do not solve that problem and instead decrease overall validity.
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“Participants exhibited elevated symptoms of social anxiety (LSAS, M = 80.48, SD = 15.71; SIAS-SF, M = 45.86, SD = 6.90) comparable to treatment-seeking samples reported in prior research (e.g., Clark et al., 2006; Rodebaugh et al., 2011).”
From The affective tie that binds: Examining the contribution of positive emotions and anxiety to relationship formation in social anxiety disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Rodebaugh et al., 2011
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Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
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“Increasing age is correlated with decreases in cognitive abilities such as explicit memory, reasoning, and processing speed (Salthouse, 1996, 2000; Schaie & Willis, 1993).”
BackgroundMeasurement of social-evaluative anxiety.
Watson, D., & Friend, R. (1969) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0027806 · Cited by 3,467 · cited 1×
“The BFNE (Leary, 1983) is a 12-item measure based on the original Fear of Negative Evaluation scale (FNE; Watson & Friend, 1969) and employing a 1 (not at all) to 5 (extremely) Likert-type scale.”
MethodMattick, R. P., & Clarke, J. C. (1998) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(97)10031-6 · Cited by 3,367 · cited 2×
“The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation scale (BFNE; Leary, 1983) and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS; Mattick & Clarke, 1998) both have a small number of reverse-scored items that have demonstrated problematic reliability and validity across multiple studies (Carleton et al., 2009; Duke,…”
BackgroundMethodBeckman, R. J., & Weisberg, S. (1987) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1269895 · Cited by 2,835
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Raber, G., & Spokas, M. (2024) · doi:10.4135/9781071886229.n145 · Cited by 2,806
Amelia II: A Program for Missing Data
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A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale
Leary, M. R. (1983) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167283093007 · Cited by 2,178 · cited 3×
“The measure related highly to the FNE and demonstrated very good test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and convergent validity (Leary, 1983).”
BackgroundMethodAging and measures of processing speed
Salthouse, T. A. (2000) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(00)00052-1 · Cited by 1,114 · cited 3×
“Increasing age is correlated with decreases in cognitive abilities such as explicit memory, reasoning, and processing speed (Salthouse, 1996, 2000; Schaie & Willis, 1993).”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Loneliness over time: The crucial role of social anxiety.
Lim, M. H., Rodebaugh, T. L., Zyphur, M. J., & Gleeson, J. F. M. (2016) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000162 · Cited by 443
Self-citationSocial anxiety in young people: A prevalence study in seven countries
Jefferies, P., & Ungar, M. T. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239133 · Cited by 413
“, 45] and found to accurately discriminate between clinical and non-clinical participants [53].”
BackgroundMethodWeidman, A. C., Fernandez, K. C., Levinson, C. A., Augustine, A. A., Larsen, R. J., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.03.003 · Cited by 286
“Participants completed the 17 straightforward items of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (S-SIAS; Mattick & Clarke, 1998; Rodebaugh et al., 2011); items are on a 1 (Very inaccurate) to 5 (Very accurate) scale (M = 2.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationRodebaugh, T. L., Tonge, N., Piccirillo, M. L., Fried, E. I., Horenstein, A., Morrison, A. S., Goldin, P. R., Gross, J. J., Lim, M. H., Fernandez, K. C., et al. (2018) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000336 · Cited by 245
“Furthermore, it has displayed strong construct validity in both undergraduate and clinical samples, as well as strong convergent validity with other measures of social anxiety and divergent validity with other psychological or personality constructs (Rodebaugh et al., 2007, 2011).”
Self-citationLevinson, C. A., Rodebaugh, T. L., White, E. K., Menatti, A. R., Weeks, J. W., McClendon, J., & Warren, C. S. (2013) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.04.002 · Cited by 198
“85; 22% of participants scored above the cutoff, which is similar to what has been reported in other undergraduate samples) (Rodebaugh et al., 2011).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Rodebaugh, T. L., Heimberg, R. G., Brown, P. J., Fernandez, K. C., Blanco, C., Schneier, F. R., & Liebowitz, M. R.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Temple University (US)
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rodebaugh, Thomas L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 623-630
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3090265
- OpenAlex
- W2002440697
- Cited by
- 200
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 14.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (T32AG00030, T32AG000030)
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH020004, T32 MH 20004, R01MH064726, K23MH099097, R01MH064481)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- social anxiety, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, response bias, scale validity, age differences, educational attainment, reference values
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phobic Disorders, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reference Values, Reproducibility of Results
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