The DOI matches its Crossref record; 82 of the 90 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 4 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder
Open accessAbstract
There has been a increasing interest in understanding emotion regulation deficits in social anxiety disorder (SAD; e.g., Hofmann, Sawyer, Fang, & Asnaani, 2012). However, much remains to be understood about the patterns of associations among regulation strategies in the repertoire. Doing so is important in light of the growing recognition that people's ability to flexibly implement strategies is associated with better mental health (e.g., Kashdan et al., 2014). Based on previous work (Aldao & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2012), we examined whether putatively adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies interacted with each other in the prediction of social anxiety symptoms in a sample of 71 participants undergoing CBT for SAD. We found that strategies interacted with each other and that this interaction was qualified by a three-way interaction with a contextual factor, namely treatment study phase. Consequently, these findings underscore the importance of modeling contextual factors when seeking to understand emotion regulation deficits in SAD. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
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The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Doing so is particularly important in light of a growing understanding that people’s ability to flexibility select and implement various strategies from their repertoires in response to varying contextual demands is associated with good mental health outcomes (e.g., Aldao, 2013; Bonanno & Burton, 2013; Kashdan & Rottenberg, 2010; Kashdan et al., 2014; Sheppes et al., 2014).”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 1. Background
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Aldao, 2013 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bonanno & Burton, 2013 source
- Supportedcites Kashdan & Rottenberg, 2010 source
In “Executive Functioning Matters,” the paper describes psychological flexibility as choosing strategies that fit a situation rather than relying on default responses. “Balance among important life domains” links situation-matched emotional expression and coping to social and psychological health. (LLM, conf=0.93)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesEvery source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Goldin et al. (2012) have found that, relative to patients with SAD in a wait list control condition, those who underwent CBT showed increased self-efficacy in the use of reappraisal.”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 1. Background
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Goldin et al. (2012) source
The Method (Participants) describes random assignment of patients with SAD to individual CBT or a waitlist. The Discussion (I-CBT for SAD) reports increased cognitive reappraisal self-efficacy from pre- to post-CBT and a slight decrease over the waitlist period, supporting the stated comparison. (LLM, conf=0.93)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the use of mal-adaptive avoidance strategies, Wald’s χ2 = 11.03, p < .001, b = .45, SE (.13), (CI .18; .71)”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 3. Results > 3.1. Preliminary analyses
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The weekly self-report measures adequately capture social anxiety symptoms and the use of adaptive engagement and maladaptive avoidance strategies.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“during the follow-up phase (N = 53 participants, n = 175 observations), there were no changes in the experience of social anxiety symptoms or in the use of maladaptive avoidance or adaptive engagement strategies, Wald’s χ2 = .57, ns, b = .66, SE (.87), CI (−1.05; 2.37)”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 3. Results > 3.1. Preliminary analyses
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 53Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The weekly self-report measures adequately capture social anxiety symptoms and the use of adaptive engagement and maladaptive avoidance strategies.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“During the cognitive phase (N = 71, participants, n = 477 observations), the experience of social anxiety symptoms and the use of maladaptive avoidance strategies declined significantly every week, Wald’s χ2 = 48.78, p < .001, b = −2.09, SE (.30), CI (−2.67; − 1.50)”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 3. Results > 3.1. Preliminary analyses
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 71Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The weekly self-report measures adequately capture social anxiety symptoms and the use of adaptive engagement and maladaptive avoidance strategies.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this interaction was qualified by a three-way interaction with a contextual factor, namely treatment study phase”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Wald’s χ2 = 4.98, p < .03, b = .69, SE (.31), CI (.08; 1.29)”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 3. Results > 3.1. Preliminary analyses
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The weekly self-report measures adequately capture social anxiety symptoms and the use of adaptive engagement and maladaptive avoidance strategies.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The use of adaptive engagement strategies increased every week, Wald’s χ2 = 18.90 p < .001, b = 1.57, SE (.36), CI (.86; 2.28).”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 3. Results > 3.1. Preliminary analyses
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The weekly self-report measures adequately capture social anxiety symptoms and the use of adaptive engagement and maladaptive avoidance strategies.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We observed a similar pattern during the cognitive + behavioral exposures phase (N = 60 participants, n = 436 observations), Wald’s χ2 = 35.88, p < .001, b = −1.85, SE (.31), CI (−2.45; −1.24)”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 3. Results > 3.1. Preliminary analyses
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 60Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The weekly self-report measures adequately capture social anxiety symptoms and the use of adaptive engagement and maladaptive avoidance strategies.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The weekly use of maladaptive avoidance strategies was positively associated with weekly social anxiety symptoms, Wald’s χ2 = 84.50, p < .001, b = .72, SE (.08), CI (.57; .88)”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 3. Results > 3.2. Predicting weekly social anxiety symptoms with regulation strategies
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The weekly self-report measures adequately capture social anxiety symptoms and the use of adaptive engagement and maladaptive avoidance strategies.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 14
- It may state two separate claims as one. 13
- The quote only partly states this claim. 3
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“All treating therapists achieved proficiency in implementing CBT prior to treating study participants and met treatment adherence criteria (for details see Goldin et al., 2012)”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 2. Method > 2.2. Clinical intervention
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Goldin et al., 2012 source
The Method section, under “Individual-Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for SAD,” states that all four therapists had to achieve proficiency with training cases before treating study patients. It also reports that all four met the treatment-adherence standard, with an overall mean rating of 4.61. (LLM, conf=0.95)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Such an interpretation is in line with current work underscoring the importance of regulating one’s emotions with flexibility (e.g., Bonanno & Burton, 2013; Kashdan & Rottenberg, 2010).”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 4. Discussion > 4.1. Implications for emotion regulation and psychopathology
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bonanno & Burton, 2013 source
- Supportedcites Kashdan & Rottenberg, 2010 source
In “Mental and behavioral response shifts,” the paper emphasizes adapting emotional expression to the situation rather than relying on a universally beneficial strategy. It also reports that the ability to modulate responses as a situation requires predicts adjustment beyond any particular regulatory strategy. The citation supports the stated importance of regulating emotions flexibly; the specific interpretation about similar strategy-use levels is the citing authors’ framing. (LLM, conf=0.93)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The weekly self-report measures adequately capture social anxiety symptoms and the use of adaptive engagement and maladaptive avoidance strategies.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Importantly, the interaction between the use of maladaptive avoidance and adaptive strategies was significant, Wald’s χ2 = 5.78, p < .02, b = −.007, SE (.003), CI (−.013; −.001).”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 3. Results > 3.2. Predicting weekly social anxiety symptoms with regulation strategies
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The weekly self-report measures adequately capture social anxiety symptoms and the use of adaptive engagement and maladaptive avoidance strategies.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Importantly, the interaction between the use of maladaptive avoidance and adaptive strategies was significant, Wald’s χ2 = 7.71, p < .005, b = −.009, SE (.003), CI (−.015; −.003).”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 3. Results > 3.2. Predicting weekly social anxiety symptoms with regulation strategies
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The weekly self-report measures adequately capture social anxiety symptoms and the use of adaptive engagement and maladaptive avoidance strategies.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found that strategies interacted with each other”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“Moscovitch et al. (2012) have found that patients who responded to CBT exhibited an increase in their habitual use of the putatively adaptive strategy of reappraisal from pre- to mid-treatment assessments (this was not the case for suppression).”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 1. Background
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Moscovitch et al. (2012) source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“some emotion regulation strategies (e.g., avoidance, expressive suppression) are ineffective at modifying affect in experimental studies, and seem to be associated with greater levels of psychological symptoms. These strategies have been conceptualized as putatively maladaptive (e.g., Aldao, Nolen-Hoeksema, & Schweizer, 2010; Webb, Miles, & Sheeran, 2012).”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 1. Background
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“In clinical samples, participants diagnosed with SAD have tended to report making greater use of the putatively maladaptive strategies of expressive suppression, rumination, and experiential avoidance and lesser use of the putatively adaptive strategy of reappraisal than healthy controls (e.g., D’Avanzato, Joormann, Siemer, & Gotlib, 2013; Kashdan et al., 2013).”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 1. Background
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, participants completed single-item measures of strategies, which can be problematic because such measures might not capture the complexity of psychological processes.”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 4. Discussion > 4.2. Limitations and future directions
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“We used generalized estimating equations (GEE), which is an extension of the general linear model (GLM) that assumes correlated observations of dependent variables and are fairly robust to missing data and to misspecifications of the covariance matrix (e.g., Ghisletta & Spini, 2004; Liang & Zeger, 1986).”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 2. Method > 2.4. Overview of analyses
What the sources say
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A final limitation stems from the fact that during the follow-up phase, we collected data from 51 out of the original 71 participants.”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 4. Discussion > 4.2. Limitations and future directions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 71Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Aldao and Nolen-Hoeksema (2012) examined the relationship between emotion regulation strategies and mental health in a large community sample and found that the habitual use of putatively adaptive strategies (acceptance, positive reframing) interacted with the habitual use of putatively maladaptive strategies (behavioral disengagement, denial) in the prediction of a composite scores of symptoms of”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 1. Background
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Aldao and Nolen-Hoeksema (2012) source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“In the meta-analysis by Aldao et al. (2010), acceptance had a mean effect size of −.19 and reappraisal had a mean effect size of −.14. Their confidence intervals overlapped (acceptance: −.40 to .05; reappraisal: −.20 to −.07), thus suggesting that these effect sizes are not statistically significant from each other.”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 2. Method > 2.3. Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Aldao et al. (2010) source
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Conversely, other emotion regulation strategies (e.g., reappraisal, acceptance) are effective at modifying affect in laboratory settings, and seem to have negative associations with clinical symptoms. These strategies have been conceptualized as putatively adaptive (Aldao et al., 2010).”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 1. Background
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Aldao et al., 2010 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whereas in the cognitive phase, the use of adaptive engagement strategies had negative associations with social anxiety symptoms when the use of maladaptive avoidance strategies was low, in the cognitive + behavioral exposures and follow-up phases, their use had negative associations with symptoms when the use of maladaptive avoidance strategies was high.”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 4. Discussion > 4.1. Implications for emotion regulation and psychopathology
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The weekly self-report measures adequately capture social anxiety symptoms and the use of adaptive engagement and maladaptive avoidance strategies.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Given the heterogeneity in emotion regulation demands across the various study phases, we thought it unwise to assume that the associations between weekly emotion regulation and anxiety symptoms would be invariant across study phase.”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 1. Background
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“For example, in the validation paper for the emotion regulation questionnaire, the correlation between depressive symptoms and the habitual use of expressive suppression was .25, and the correlation between depressive symptoms and habitual use of reappraisal was −.23 (Gross & John, 2003).”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 1. Background
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gross & John, 2003 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We specified an autoregressive (AR1) covariance structure because we expected observations to be correlated over time within each participant.”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 2. Method > 2.4. Overview of analyses
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We averaged these four strategies into a composite score called “maladaptive avoidance strategies” (α = .69).”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 2. Method > 2.3. Measures
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Specifically, for participants who reported using high levels of putatively maladaptive strategies, the use of putatively adaptive strategies had the expected negative association with the composite score of symptoms. However, for participants who reported using low levels of putatively maladaptive strategies, the association between putatively adaptive strategies and psychopathology was non-sign”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 1. Background
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Aldao and Nolen-Hoeksema (2012) source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We averaged these items into a composite “social anxiety” score (α = .91).”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 2. Method > 2.3. Measures
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“We randomly assigned them to either immediate CBT or to a wait list (WL) group using Efron’s biased coin randomization procedure (Efron, 1971), which results in approximately equal sample sizes throughout the duration of a clinical trial.”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 2. Method > 2.1. Participants
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Efron, 1971 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“This is particularly important because emotions, their regulation, and symptoms of psychopathology fluctuate substantially over time (e.g., Aldao, 2013; Barrett, Gross, Christensen, & Benvenuto, 2001; Bylsma & Rottenberg, 2011; Ebner-Priemer & Trull, 2009; Robinson & Clore, 2002; Srivastava, Tamir, McGonigal, John, & Gross, 2009).”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 1. Background
What the sources say
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Further, these putatively adaptive and maladaptive strategies did not interact with each other in the prediction of symptoms (Gross & John, 2003), suggesting that their effects might be additive.”
§ Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder > 1. Background
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gross & John, 2003 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The weekly self-report measures adequately capture social anxiety symptoms and the use of adaptive engagement and maladaptive avoidance strategies.
“participants completed single-item measures of strategies, which can be problematic because such measures might not capture the complexity of psychological processes.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“They found that the strength of the relationship between maladaptive strategy use and social anxiety symptom severity depended on the frequency with which patients were also using adaptive skills”
From Relationships among adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and psychopathology during the treatment of comorbid anxiety and alcohol use disorders (2015) · cites this paper as Aldao, Jazaieri, Goldin, & Gross, 2014
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A recent treatment study found patients with social anxiety in CBT experienced weekly increases in adaptive emotion regulation strategies (a composite of reappraisal and acceptance use) and reductions in maladaptive strategies (e.g., avoidance, suppression) across treatment (Aldao, Jazaieri, Goldin, & Gross, 2014).”
From Relationships among adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and psychopathology during the treatment of comorbid anxiety and alcohol use disorders (2015) · cites this paper as Aldao, Jazaieri, Goldin, & Gross, 2014
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Follow-up sample size is 51 in one place and 53 in another
MinorThe paper gives two different participant counts for the follow-up phase. One results paragraph reports 51 participants, while another preliminary-analyses paragraph reports 53 participants for the same follow-up phase.
“We predicted weekly social anxiety symptoms with the weekly (i.e., past week at months 3, 6, 9, and 12) use of maladaptive avoidance and adaptive engagement strategies and their interaction (N = 51 participants; n = 175 observations).”
“On the other hand, during the follow-up phase (N = 53 participants, n = 175 observations), there were no changes in the experience of social anxiety symptoms or in the use of maladaptive avoidance or adaptive engagement strategies, Wald’s χ2 = .57, ns, b = .66, SE (.87), CI (−1.05; 2.37), Wald’s χ2 = 1.17, ns, b = .85, SE (.79), CI (−.69; 2.39), Wald’s χ2 = .03, ns, b = .13, SE (.81), CI (−1.46; 1.71), respectively.”
Follow-up participant counts conflict
MinorThe follow-up trend analysis reports data from 53 participants, but the limitations section says follow-up data were collected from only 51 of the original participants. The text does not reconcile these counts.
“during the follow-up phase (N = 53 participants, n = 175 observations)”
“during the follow-up phase, we collected data from 51 out of the original 71 participants.”
Citations
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“For example, in the validation paper for the emotion regulation questionnaire, the correlation between depressive symptoms and the habitual use of expressive suppression was .25, and the correlation between depressive symptoms and habitual use of reappraisal was −.23 (Gross & John, 2003).”
BackgroundSelf-citation(2007) · Cited by 10,092
(1993) · Cited by 7,136
Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review
Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004 · Cited by 6,686 · cited 6×
“…between strategies and symptoms would be moderated by treatment study phase (e.g., Gloster et al., 2013) Based on prior meta analytic work (e.g., Aldao et al., 2010), we hypothesized that the negative association between weekly social anxiety symptoms and use of putatively adaptive strategies…”
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Items 101–200 of 221
Agako, A., Donegan, E., McCabe, R. E., Frey, B. N., Streiner, D. L., & Green, S. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.084 · Cited by 12
Pinto, A. L. D. C. B., Pasian, S. R., & Malloy‐Diniz, L. F. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23213 · Cited by 11
Involuntary autobiographical memories as a transdiagnostic factor in mental disorders
Shan, Y., Rubin, D. C., & Berntsen, D. (2025) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102545 · Cited by 10
Jiang, X., Zhang, A., & Zhang, Q. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07362-5 · Cited by 12
“For example, Aldao et al. (2014) applied MBI to address emotion dysregulation in adults and reported a significant This suggests that the negative cognitions, information processing biases, and avoidance behaviors common to socially anxious individuals may stem from high levels of IU and IU-induced…”
Jiang, W., & Yin, H. (2025) · The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher · doi:10.1007/s40299-025-00986-y · Cited by 12
“Acceptance is usually adaptive (Aldao et al., 2014), but this study found that it could be maladaptive in different implementation forms, compromised acceptance for example.”
Coping strategies of Dutch servicemembers after deployment
de Kruijff, L. G. M., Moussault, O. R. M., Plat, M.-C. J., Hoencamp, R., & van der Wurff, P. (2019) · Military Medical Research · doi:10.1186/s40779-019-0199-4 · Cited by 10
“The focus in research is increasingly on coping profiles created by clustering coping strategies with regard to how individuals adapt [15, 20].”
BackgroundLei, Z., Liu, B., & Wang, J. (2015) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22540 · Cited by 9
“VC 2015 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC. negative memory to specific event as well as desensitizes negative mood of its scenarios (Rusting and DeHart, 2000; Brewin, 2006; Aldao et al., 2014; Cuijpers et al., 2014).”
BackgroundPersonality Traits, Emotional Regulation, and Happiness in Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Shdaifat, E. A., Alshowkan, A. A., Al-Nemer, A. M., Aljaafari, A., Alsiddiq, A., Aljilwah, B., Alasfour, F., AlYousuf, H., Alhamdan, W. A., & alnassar, Z. (2024) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440241293550 · Cited by 8
“As well as various dimensions of well-being (Aldao et al., 2014; Conklin et al., 2015).”
Boelens, E., Beveren, M. V., Raedt, R. D., Verbeken, S., & Braet, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.637436 · Cited by 10
Phobia-specific patterns of cognitive emotion regulation strategies
Zsido, A. N., Láng, A., Lábadi, B., & Deák, A. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-33395-6 · Cited by 12
Motivational conflict influences the timing of emotions and their regulation
Aldao, A., & Wisco, B. E. (2015) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-015-9496-8 · Cited by 8
Self-citationOuhmad, N., Deperrois, R., Combalbert, N., & El‐Hage, W. (2023) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2022.2134279 · Cited by 9
“Longitudinal studies have also shown that maladaptive emotion regulation strategies predict future depressive episode severity (e.g. O’Neill et al., 2004), suggesting that emotion regulation has a causal role in both depression (Ouimet et al., 2016) and anxiety (Aldao et al., 2014).”
BackgroundPlate, A. J., Dunn, E., Christensen, K. A., & Aldao, A. (2020) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-020-10099-z · Cited by 7
Self-citationShareh, H., & Yazdanian, M. (2023) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/13591045231163068 · Cited by 7
“In its entirety, symptom reduction post-therapy is demonstrably associated with improvements in emotion regulation adaptive strategies (Aldao et al., 2014).”
BackgroundEffects of a Transactional Analysis Program on Adolescents’ Emotion Regulation
keshavarzi, S., Azar, E. F., Mirnasab, M. M., & Gargari, R. B. (2016) · International Journal of Psychological Studies · doi:10.5539/ijps.v8n4p51 · Cited by 7
“Aldao et al. (2007) also pointed out that dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies lead to a high emotional risk.”
BackgroundEbrahimi, L. S., Ahmadi, G., Arani, A. M., & Mousavi, S. E. (2019) · Practice in Clinical Psychology · doi:10.32598/jpcp.7.3.167 · Cited by 7
The effect of emotion regulation training on family relationships of hyperactive children
Arabi, Z., Moghaddam, L. F., & Sahebalzamani, M. (2020) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_738_19 · Cited by 6
“[13] Hence, it is essential for her to have cognitive emotion regulation skills to manage stressful situations that occur for her and her children.[14] Emotion regulation refers to strategies that are used to reduce, enhance, or maintain emotional experiences.”
BackgroundCan Less Ever Be More? A Model of Emotion Regulation Repertoire of Social Support (ERROSS)
Stelzer, E., & O'Connor, M. (2021) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073921992848 · Cited by 9
“The ERROSS model’s conceptualization of repertoire extends existing definitions of emotion regulation repertoire in psychological adjustment (Aldao et al., 2014; Aldao & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2013; Bonanno & Burton, 2013; Gross, 2015a) to encompass interpersonal processes.”
MethodBaumgardner, M., & Allen, K. B. (2023) · Clinical Case Studies · doi:10.1177/15346501231197403 · Cited by 7
“Consistent with previous research (Aldao et al., 2014), Amy reported a signi fi cant decrease in emotional suppression and a signi fi cant increase in emotional engagement from pre-to post-treatment.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialVizioli, N. A. (2022) · psicogente · doi:10.17081/psico.25.47.4895 · Cited by 6
“Dado que la RE desadaptativa puede resultar ineficaz para modificar el afecto y puede asociarse a niveles elevados de sintomatología psicológica (Aldao et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMomentary Emotion Regulation Strategies and Pain Experience Among Adults With Chronic Pain
Rogers, A. H., Smit, T., Bakhshaie, J., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2024) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000001206 · Cited by 5
Cognitive emotion regulation and learning effectiveness in college students with ADHD symptoms
Alacha, H. F., Walbridge, F. C., Harton, H. C., Vasko, J. M., Bodalski, E. A., Rother, Y., & Lefler, E. K. (2024) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2024.2379986 · Cited by 10
“…adaptive (i.e., acceptance, positive restructuring, refocus on planning, positive appraisal, and putting into perspective) or maladaptive (i.e., self-blame, rumination, catastrophizing, and other blame; Aldao et al., 2010; Aldao et al., 2014; Garnefski et al., 2001; Vanderhasselt et al., 2014).”
Camp, J., Blundell, E., Smith, P. A., & Rimes, K. A. (2025) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-025-03276-2 · Cited by 7
“…effective strategies to enhance capabilities—includ-ing increasing emotion awareness, cognitive reappraisal, and increasing goal-directed behavior—with growing evidence of efficacy in GSM populations (Aldao et al., 2014; Camp et al., 2024; Chang et al., 2023; Linehan, 1993; Papa et al., 2012).”
Lau, S. C. L., Hall, M. L., Terhorst, L. A., & Skidmore, E. R. (2023) · PM&R · doi:10.1002/pmrj.13108 · Cited by 5
Bowers, E. M., Peckham, A., Goodman, F. R., Hom, M. A., Beckham, E. E., Björgvinsson, Þ., & Beard, C. (2023) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/2023/7614830 · Cited by 5
Miller, M., Balsamo, L. M., Pashankar, F., & Bailey, C. S. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.068 · Cited by 6
Won, Y. Q., Christensen, K. A., & Forbush, K. T. (2022) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-022-01399-2 · Cited by 5
“examined interactive effects in a clinical sample [13], they recruited treatment-seeking individuals who were diagnosed for social anxiety disorder according to the DSM-IV.”
Ngombe, N., Kessler, K., & Shaw, D. J. (2022) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.07.008 · Cited by 5
Espírito‐Santo, H., Paraíso, L., de Andrade, D. A. F. S., Daniel, F., Grasina, A., Lemos, L., Simões, L., & Bjureberg, J. (2023) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2023.2260329 · Cited by 5
“…et al., 2021; Subramaniam et al., 2016), alongside the greater impact of maladaptive over adaptive emotional strategies on psychopathology (Aldao et al., 2014), underscores the value of emotion dysregulation-focused treatments and research in this population (Aldao et al., 2014; Moore et…”
BackgroundChronotype Predicts Body Mass Index via Emotion Regulation Strategy Use and Emotional Eating
Keenan, G. S., Hosseni, S., & Bendall, R. C. A. (2025) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.70542 · Cited by 7
Lee, Y.-J., & Park, J. H. (2019) · Korean Journal of Child Studies · doi:10.5723/kjcs.2019.40.1.39 · Cited by 6
Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire
Foroughi, A., Parvizifard, A., Sadeghi, K., & Moghadam, A. P. (2021) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0106 · Cited by 6
Ladis, I., Daros, A. R., Boukhechba, M., Daniel, K. E., Chow, P. I., Beltzer, M., Barnes, L. E., & Teachman, B. A. (2022) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2022.41.4.326 · Cited by 7
Abasi, I., Dolatshahi, B., Farazmand, S., Pourshahbaz, A., & Tamanaeefar, S. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 5
Ko, Y. C., Kim, H. E., Kim, B.-H., Ham, K., Lee, S., Park, B., & Kim, J. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.104 · Cited by 4
Sharma, P., George, L. S., Rai, S., & Noronha, J. A. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-24793-8 · Cited by 8
Christensen, K. A., van Dyk, I. S., Southward, M. W., & Vasey, M. W. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23214 · Cited by 4
Atalay, A. A., Gökdağ, C., King, N., Tezel, S., & Sözeri, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41811-023-00197-7 · Cited by 4
“Although many ER strategies have been identified as adaptive or maladaptive (Aldao et al., 2010, 2014), research also indicates that the outcomes of different ER strategies are highly dependent on situational factors.”
Fern, J., Nitkowski, D., Petermann, U., & Petermann, F. (2016) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000491 · Cited by 5
Maulini, C., Kuvačić, G., Savani, W., Zanelli, V., Padovan, A. M., Bocciolesi, E., & Giorgio, A. D. (2021) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci11110657 · Cited by 4
“The literature has highlighted the relevance of emotion recognition and regulation in influencing subjective and group well-being [5,6].”
BackgroundVesterling, C. (2023) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-023-02712-y · Cited by 5
“Dysfunctional or maladaptive ER strategies, as well as emotion suppression and emotional control, increase the risk of internal psychological problems (Aldao et al., 2014; Aldao et al., 2010; Cutuli 2014; John & Gross, 2004).”
Jitaru, M., & Turliuc, M. N. (2022) · Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala · doi:10.33788/rcis.76.3 · Cited by 5
Pastuszak-Draxler, A., & Gierowski, J. K. (2017) · Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.12740/app/80161 · Cited by 5
Zhang, X., Luan, Y., Tang, Y., Lau, M. M. C., Yu, Y., Gu, J., & Lau, J. T. F. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-21899-x · Cited by 3
“Emotion regulation and coping strategies are closely related but distinctive constructs that evolve separately [33]; they involve different strategies (e.g., active coping for coping and rumination for emotion regulation) [34, 35] and measurement scales [36, 37].”
Brooks, M., & Turner, M. J. (2025) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2025.2558729 · Cited by 3
“To reduce the number of emotion regulation variables for inferential analyses, “adaptive emotion regu-lation” and “maladaptive emotion regulation” composite variables were created (Aldao et al., 2014).”
Watanabe, D. K., Pourmand, V., Lai, J., Park, G., Koenig, J., Wiley, C. R., Thayer, J. F., & Williams, D. P. (2023) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.112258 · Cited by 3
Hladík, J., Hrbáčková, K., & Šafránková, A. P. (2024) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2024.2343520 · Cited by 9
“…analysis of items and correlations among factors, we suggest the aggregate factors Acceptance and Positive Reappraisal (F2) and Positive Refocusing (F3) as adaptive strategies, with the factors Rumination (F1) and Blame (F4) as non-adaptive strategies (cf. Aldao et al., 2014; Martins et al., 2016).”
Murayama, Y. (2021) · Journal of Health Psychology Research · doi:10.11560/jhpr.190401126 · Cited by 3
Yılmaz, L., Yazar, R., & TOLAN, Ö. Ç. (2021) · International Online Journal of Educational Sciences · doi:10.15345/iojes.2021.04.016 · Cited by 5
Abraham, D., Andrews, E. S., Pan, C. X., & McRae, K. (2024) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-024-10064-3 · Cited by 3
“Reappraisal has also been associated with greater clinical efficacy in empirically supported interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) (Aldao et al., 2014; Moscovitch et al., 2012; Wharton & Kanas, 2019).”
Haghshenas, L. (2019) · Quarterly Journal of Child Mental Health · doi:10.29252/jcmh.6.3.9 · Cited by 3
Phobia-Specific Patterns of Cognitive Emotion Regulation StrategiesPreprint
Zsido, A. N., Láng, A., Lábadi, B., et al. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4175994 · Cited by 3
Shdaifat, E. A., Shudayfat, T., & Alshowkan, A. A. (2024) · Nursing Forum · doi:10.1155/nuf/2260042 · Cited by 2
Emotion Regulation and Profiles
Brandão, T. (2025) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000557 · Cited by 2
Khawar, R., Razzaq, M., Hussain, S., Dogar, I. A., Butt, A., Amin, R., Akram, B., Ahmad, H., Aslam, M., & Zafar, R. (2025) · Mental Illness · doi:10.1155/mij/2993852 · Cited by 3
Li, X., Wu, X., Zhou, C., Xie, J., Du, Q., Cui, L., Chen, C., & Zhang, M. (2026) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.70406 · Cited by 2
Horton, A., Hebson, G., & Holman, D. J. (2022) · British Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1177/03080226221111959 · Cited by 3
“…use of intrapersonal emotion regulation is mostly focused on how their use of these strategies is associated with their symptoms and recovery (i.e. Aldao et al., 2014; Karademas et al., 2020), and how emotion regulatory training effects their emotion recognition and expression abilities (Cho and…”
BackgroundTürkiye’de okul öncesi dönemde duygu düzenlemeye yönelik yapılan lisansüstü tezlerin incelenmesi
Çandır, T., & Filiz, S. B. (2023) · Erken Çocukluk Çalışmaları Dergisi · doi:10.24130/eccdjecs.1967202371461 · Cited by 2
Jiang, T., Song, S., Zhao, S., Tian, X., Zhang, M., Feng, J., & Ge, R. (2024) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101988 · Cited by 2
Justice and hostility: The moderated mediating effect of sports behavior on bullying
Lu, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., & Zhou, W. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104699 · Cited by 2
Vesterling, C., & von Düring, U. (2025) · New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development · doi:10.1155/cad/7715429 · Cited by 3
Fernández‐Álvarez, J., Díaz‐García, A., Robles, A. G., Arbona, C. B., & García‐Palacios, A. (2017) · Àgora de salut · doi:10.6035/agorasalut.2017.4.12 · Cited by 2
The Impacts of Associative Memory Cells on Pathology
Wang, J. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-9501-7_9 · Cited by 2
Jacques, D. T., Sturge‐Apple, M. L., Davies, P. T., & Cicchetti, D. (2024) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579424000324 · Cited by 5
A Single Case Evaluation of an Emotion Regulation Training in Adolescents
Boelens, E., Wante, L., Vervoort, L., Verbeken, S., Goossens, L., & Braet, C. (2025) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb.1337 · Cited by 2
Inside and Out: Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Emotion Regulation in Young-Adult Friendships
Chesney, S. A. (2018) · e-Publications@Marquette (Marquette University) · Cited by 2
Faye-Dumanget, C. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/c5ecf208z5673z4d0ezae5dzf0faebe5b286 · Cited by 2
Duijndam, S., Karreman, A., Smet, M. M. D., & Kupper, N. H. M. (2024) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100532 · Cited by 1
Tavolucci, S., Filosa, L., Sommovigo, V., Rosa, V., Alivernini, F., Baiocco, R., Borghi, A. M., Chirico, A., Fini, C., Palombi, T., et al. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13162047 · Cited by 1
“Several studies converge in pointing out that older people may enact a minor use of suppression strategies [76,106], a strategy less effective and often correlated with maladjustment indices [107,108] that involves the effort to reduce or eliminate an emotional response after it has been triggered.”
郑, 威. (2026) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2026.161022 · Cited by 1
Dehghanizadeh, Z., Allame, Z., & Eydi-Baygi, M. (2021) · Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research · doi:10.5812/amh.113454 · Cited by 2
“(50) reported that self-blame, rumination, and catastrophizing acted as predictors of negative emotions.”
BackgroundParvin, N., Zarei, H., & Taklavi, S. (2022) · Journal of Health and Care · doi:10.52547/jhc.24.1.64 · Cited by 1
DERSR-B. A Brief Scale for Detection of Emotional Dysregulation Risk
Gómez‐Peresmitré, G., & Acevedo, S. P. (2023) · Acta de Investigación Psicológica · doi:10.22201/fpsi.20074719e.2023.2.491 · Cited by 1
Farsi, M., Rezaei, A. M., & Poursadeghfard, M. (2024) · doi:10.61838/kman.jayps.5.1.15 · Cited by 1
Farah Shehani, A., Samuel, V., & Ramar, K. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.66526 · Cited by 1
“BWE therapy involves the use of rhythmic auditory stimuli to synchronize brainwave frequencies, potentially inducing a state of relaxation [13].”
BackgroundFaezi, F., & Amiri, S. (2024) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-024-04370-x · Cited by 1
“Each of these adaptive strategies is known to be effective in increasing the probability of suffering from mental disorders and physical diseases, including anxiety disorder [32], aggression[31], quality of life [33], coronary heart diseases [34], and inflammation [35].”
Schoppmann, J., Schneider, S., & Seehagen, S. (2025) · Kindheit und Entwicklung · doi:10.1026/0942-5403/a000499 · Cited by 1
Understanding Social Anxiety Symptoms Through Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Strategies
Perry, M. M. (2020) · Cited by 1
Coping strategies and perceived stress in Russian army conscripts
Ulyanova, N., Правдина, Л. Р., & Maximets, S. (2020) · E3S Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202021020010 · Cited by 1
Murayama, Y., & Ohya, A. (2020) · Stress Science Research · doi:10.5058/stresskagakukenkyu.2020002 · Cited by 1
Coping Strategies in Clinical Psychology and NeuropsychologyPreprint
Theodoratou, M. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1932.v1 · Cited by 1
Emotion Regulation Flexibility and Illicit Substance Use among Adolescents
Yi, C. Y. (2015) · The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University) · doi:10.33915/etd.7006
Perceived Emotional Invalidation in a Developmental Context: Does Gender Matter?
Johnson, B. B. (2016) · Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina)
The Apprehension/Fear and Somatic Preoccupation/Somatisation Dimensions
Chiaie, R. D., & Minichino, A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78202-7_3
Akhoundi, Z., Ghodrati, S., & Vatankhah, H. (2020) · Quarterly Journal of Child Mental Health · doi:10.52547/jcmh.7.3.22
Avaliação multimétodos da tomada de decisão, regulação emocional e personalidade em jovens adultos
Pinto, A. L. D. C. B. (2020) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.59.2020.tde-11122020-154944 · Cited by 1
Алексеевна, Д. Е., Грабельникова, У. С., & Колупаева, С. Г. (2018) · Reflexio · doi:10.25205/2658-4506-2018-11-2-43-62
Hipson, W. E. (2017) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2017-12076
Neurophysiological Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Social Anxiety: An ERP StudyPreprint
Song, S., Jiang, T., Zhao, S., Zhang, M., Feng, J., Zheng, Y., & Ge, R. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1921460/v1
Fahimi, N., Kiamarsi, A., Kazemi, R., & Narimani, M. (2021) · Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences · doi:10.52547/rbs.18.4.460 · Cited by 1
Raugh, I. M., & Strauss, G. P. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/x2khq
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Epistemolojik İnançları Ve Öğrenme Yaklaşımları
Gülaçtı, F., & Çiftçi, Z. (2023) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub170.c841
İlkokul ve Ortaokul Öğrenci Velilerinin Öğretmen Metaforu Algıları
Gencer, S., & Ateş, Ö. T. (2023) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub170.c837
Zekriyazdi, F. S., & Combalbert, N. (2023) · doi:10.22541/au.169228821.12363930/v1
Tayebmanesh, L., & Saadati, S. A. (2023) · KMAN Counseling and Psychology Nexus · doi:10.61838/kman.psychnexus.1.1.5
Emotieregulatie bij jongeren met psychische klachten
Boelens, E., Royen, A. V., Debeuf, T., Mey, W. D., Goossens, L., Beveren, M. V., Malderen, E. V., Verbeken, S., Volkaert, B., & Wante, L. (2024) · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-3041-6_3
Emotion Regulation in Bipolar Disorder: A Meta-Analytic Review
Potts, A. (2022) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc2048646
Emočná regulácia a flexibilita v psychopatológii a psychickej pohode
Pilárik, Ľ., Heinzová, Z., Galasová, M., Kaliská, L., Ďurechová, A. B., Slovíková, K., Nabelkova, E. V., Ladecký, J., & Bartošíková, P. (2025) · Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici eBooks · doi:10.24040/2024.9788055722160
Metadata
- Authors
- Aldao, A., Jazaieri, H., Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Aldao, Amelia
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 382-389
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4089517
- OpenAlex
- W2149676985
- Semantic Scholar
- ad6d6761bd08985fa2a01980f15946a5a92f3d69
- Cited by
- 222
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 15.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH076074)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- emotion regulation strategies, social anxiety disorder, cognitive behavioral therapy, interaction effects, contextual factors, social anxiety symptoms, cognitive flexibility
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Emotions, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phobic Disorders, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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