Cultural-based biases of the GAD-7

Parkerson, Holly A.; Thibodeau, Michel A.; Brandt, Charles P.; Zvolensky, Michael J.; Asmundson, Gordon J.G.

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.01.005

Cited by 115Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychometric Methodologies and TestingMental Health Treatment and Access

Cultural-based biases of the GAD-7

Parkerson, Holly A., Thibodeau, Michel A., Brandt, Charles P., Zvolensky, Michael J., Asmundson, Gordon J.G.·2015·Journal of Anxiety Disorders

DOI 10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.01.005

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Abstract

The GAD-7 is a popular measure of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms that has been used across many cultural groups. Existing evidence demonstrates that the prevalence of GAD varies across self-identified ethnic/cultural groups, a phenomenon that some researchers attribute to cross-cultural measurement error rather than to actual differences in rates of GAD. Nonetheless, the effect of culture on factor structure and response patterns to the GAD-7 have not been examined and could result over- or under-estimated GAD-7 scores across different cultural groups. The current investigation assessed the factor structure of the GAD-7 in White/Caucasian, Hispanic, and Black/African American undergraduates and tested for cultural-based biases. A modified one-factor model exhibited good fit across subsamples. Results revealed that Black/African American participants with high GAD symptoms scored lower on the GAD-7 than other participants with similar GAD symptoms. Results highlight the need for culturally sensitive GAD screening tools.

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The GAD-7 has shown good internal consistency (α=.89-.90) and validity in POC samples.
“The GAD-7 has shown good internal consistency (α=.89-.90) and validity in POC samples [66].”
From App-Based Mindfulness Meditation for People of Color Who Experience Race-Related Stress: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (2022) · cites this paper as [66]

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Authors: Parkerson, H. A., Thibodeau, M. A., Brandt, C. P., Zvolensky, M. J., & Asmundson, G. J. G.
Affiliations: University of Regina (CA)
University of Houston (US)
Corresponding author: Asmundson, Gordon J.G.
ORCID: Parkerson, Holly A.
Brandt, Charles P.
Zvolensky, Michael J.
Asmundson, Gordon J.G.
Venue: Journal of Anxiety Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-04
Volume: 31
Pages: 38-42
ISSN: 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.01.005
OpenAlex: W2035861228
Cited by: 115
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2015: 1
FWCI: 3.51
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FRN: 131152)
CIHR Doctoral Award (FRN: 113434)
National Institutes of Mental Health (1 F31 MH099922-01A1)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: GAD-7, generalized anxiety disorder, cultural bias, factor structure, anxiety screening, African American students, Hispanic students
MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance, Anxiety Disorders, Black or African American, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Culture, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Early Diagnosis, Young Adult

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