Implicit gambling attitudes in problem gamblers: positive but not negative implicit associations
Open accessAbstract
Background and objectives Implicit attitudes (associations) are involved in the generation of substance use behaviors. However, little is known about the role of this automatic cognitive processing in deregulated behaviors without substance use, such as abnormal gambling. This study examined whether problem gamblers exhibit both positive and negative implicit attitudes toward gambling-related stimuli.Methods Twenty-five problem gamblers and 25 control participants performed two unipolar (pleasant; unpleasant) Single-Target Implicit Association Tasks (unipolar ST-IAT), in which gambling pictures were associated with either pleasant (or unpleasant for the negative unipolar ST-IAT) or neutral words. Explicit attitudes toward gambling were also recorded.Results We found in problem gamblers: (i) both positive implicit and explicit attitudes toward gambling; (ii) no negative implicit gambling association; (iii) that only positive explicit attitudes positively correlated with the gambling severity score.Limitations (i) the use of only one type of reaction time task; (ii) the use of both words and pictures in a same IAT; (iii) problem gamblers have been compared to non-gamblers instead of being contrasted with healthy non-problem gamblers.Conclusions Whereas our gamblers experienced deleterious effects related to gambling, implicit attitude toward gambling remained positive, thus hampering attempts to quit gambling. Possible clinical interventions targeting implicit cognition in problem gamblers were discussed.
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Implicit associations have been demonstrated for Internet gaming, Internet pornography, and gambling using a modified version of the Implicit Association Test.
“Such implicit associations have been demonstrated for Internet gaming (Yen et al., 2011), Internet pornography (Snagowski et al., 2015), and gambling (e.g., Brevers et al., 2013) using a modified version of the Implicit Association Test (Greenwald et al., 1998).”
From Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific Internet-use disorders: An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model (2016) · cites this paper as Brevers et al., 2013
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“Such implicit associations have been demonstrated for Internet gaming (Yen et al., 2011), Internet pornography (Snagowski et al., 2015), and gambling (e.g., Brevers et al., 2013) using a modified version of the Implicit Association Test (Greenwald et al., 1998).”
- Authors
- Brevers, D., Cleeremans, A., Hermant, C., Tibboel, H., Kornreich, C., Verbanck, P., & Noël, X.
- Affiliations
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE)
- Ghent University (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Brevers, Damien
- Venue
- Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-03
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 94-97
- ISSN
- 0005-7916 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1992376789
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2013: 8
- FWCI
- 3.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DIAL (Catholic University of Leuven) (submittedVersion)
- Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- problem gambling, implicit attitudes, implicit associations, gambling severity, explicit attitudes, gambling cessation, clinical intervention
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Association, Attitude, Female, Gambling, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult
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