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The opportunity not taken: The occupational identity of entrepreneurs in contexts of poverty
Abstract
Innovative entrepreneurship is an essential but often missing outcome of poverty alleviation efforts. This qualitative study set in rural Ghana explores the occupational identity of entrepreneurs, the institutions that shape it in isolated “island networks”, and how it influences entrepreneurs' practices and decisions. We find that the institutional forces of “collectivism” and “fatalism” feature prominently. Being an entrepreneur in such settings means being a mentor, market link, and community safety net, and the types of opportunities entrepreneurs pursue are largely seen as pre-destined and inherited rather than individually chosen. As a result, the pursuit of innovative opportunities may be significantly limited.
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“One major obstacle to the effectiveness of training programs in Africa, as well as other emerging market contexts, seems to be the inability of training programs to help necessity entrepreneurs break out of habitual routines and engage in new activities to aid their business (Alvarez & Barney, 2013;Shantz et al., 2018).”
From The impact of growth mindset training on entrepreneurial action among necessity entrepreneurs: Evidence from a randomized control trial (2023) · cites this paper as Shantz et al., 2018
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Metadata
- Authors
- Slade Shantz, A., Kistruck, G., & Zietsma, C.
- Affiliations
- York University (CA)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Business Venturing
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-07
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 416-437
- ISSN
- 0883-9026 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2793537636
- Cited by
- 202
- References
- 117
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 21.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Business Venturing (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (752-2016-2652)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Business and International Management › Innovation and Socioeconomic Development
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy
- Keywords
- entrepreneurial identity, poverty reduction, rural entrepreneurship, collectivism, fatalism, social networks, mentoring, market linkages, community safety net, innovative entrepreneurship, Ghana
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.