Knowledge translation is the use of knowledge in health care decision making
Abstract
Objective To provide an overview of the science and practice of knowledge translation.Study design Narrative review outlining what knowledge translation is and a framework for its use.Results Knowledge translation is defined as the use of knowledge in practice and decision making by the public, patients, health care professionals, managers, and policy makers. Failures to use research evidence to inform decision making are apparent across all these key decision maker groups. There are several proposed theories and frameworks for achieving knowledge translation. A conceptual framework developed by Graham et al., termed the knowledge-to-action cycle, provides an approach that builds on the commonalities found in an assessment of planned action theories.Conclusions Review of the evidence base for the science and practice of knowledge translation has identified several gaps including the need to develop valid strategies for assessing the determinants of knowledge use and for evaluating sustainability of knowledge translation interventions.
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Knowledge translation theories, models and frameworks may improve the likelihood of successful implementation and sustainability.
“In particular, they may improve the likelihood of successful implementation and sustainability [1,2].”
From Scoping review identifies significant number of knowledge translation theories, models, and frameworks with limited use (2018) · cites this paper as [1]
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“In keeping with an integrated knowledge translation approach [37], we presented the findings to our participants to verify their authenticity and accuracy at each stage of the analysis.”
Development of measurable indicators to enhance public health evidence-informed policy-making
Tudisca, V., Valente, A., Castellani, T., Ståhl, T., Sandu, P., Dulf, D., Spitters, H., van de Goor, I., Radl-Karimi, C., Syed, M. A., et al. (2018) · Health Research Policy and Systems · doi:10.1186/s12961-018-0323-z · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Information and Knowledge Processes in Health Care Value Co-Creation and Co-Destruction
Kaartemo, V., & Känsäkoski, H. (2018) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244018820482 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Straus, Tetroe, and Graham (2011) call this kind of knowledge use as knowledge translation.”
BackgroundKnowledge translation in health care: a concept analysis.
Khoddam, H., Mehrdad, N., Peyrovi, H., Kitson, A. L., Schultz, T., & Athlin, Å. M. (2014) · PubMed Central · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Haralambous, B., Dow, B., Tinney, J., Lin, X., Blackberry, I., Rayner, V., Lee, S.-M., Vrantsidis, F., Lautenschlager, N. T., & LoGiudice, D. (2014) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology · doi:10.1007/s10823-014-9222-0 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“We adapted the Knowledge Translation framework by Graham and Tetroe (2007) to gain better understanding of how each community operated (Straus et al. 2011) and to meet the needs of each community when translating knowledge into practice (Graham and Tetroe 2007).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialManca, D. P., Aubrey‐Bassler, K., Kandola, K., Aguilar, C., Campbell-Scherer, D. L., Sopcak, N., O’Brien, M. A., Meaney, C. A., Faria, V., Baxter, J. M., et al. (2014) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-014-0135-7 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“This approach of engaging research, practice, and policy creates a better fit between the information and the needs of the users, a key to integrated knowledge translation [8-11].”
BackgroundClinical Decision-Making Following Disasters: Efficient Identification of PTSD Risk in Adolescents
Danielson, C. K., Cohen, J. R., Adams, Z. W., Youngstrom, E. A., Soltis, K. E., Amstadter, A. B., & Ruggiero, K. J. (2016) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0159-3 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Development of the Canadian Women-Centred HIV Care Model Using the Knowledge-to-Action Framework
Loutfy, M. R., Tharao, W. E., Kazemi, M., Logie, C. H., Underhill, A., O’Brien, N., Pick, N., Kestler, M., Yudin, M. H., Rana, J., et al. (2021) · Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) · doi:10.1177/2325958221995612 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The PROTEUS-Trials Consortium: Optimizing the use of patient-reported outcomes in clinical trials
Snyder, C. F., Crossnohere, N. L., King, M. T., Reeve, B. B., Bottomley, A., Calvert, M., Thorner, E. D., Wu, A. W., & Brundage, M. (2022) · Clinical Trials · doi:10.1177/17407745221077691 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“The work of PROTEUS-Trials is guided by the Knowledge-to-Action framework, an implementation and dissemination, or knowledge translation, model with two parts.(21) First is knowledge development, which creates knowledge tools and products through inquiry and synthesis.”
MethodUngar, M. T., McGrath, P. J., Black, D., SKETRIS, I. S., Whitman, S., & Liebenberg, L. (2015) · Qualitative Social Work · doi:10.1177/1473325014566842 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Campbell, A., Louie‐Poon, S., Slater, L., & Scott, S. D. (2019) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2019.04.026 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Barreix, M., Lawrie, T. A., Kidula, N., Tall, F., Bucagu, M., Chahar, R., & Tunçalp, Ö. (2020) · Health Research Policy and Systems · doi:10.1186/s12961-020-00554-4 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Khatri, R. B., Endalamaw, A., Mengistu, T. S., Erku, D., Wolka, E., Nigatu, F., Zewdie, A., & Assefa, Y. A. (2025) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/s13690-025-01567-7 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Central to the knowledge-to-action cycle is the collaboration of three key groups: evidence producers, users, and brokers, whose engagement ensures the effective translation of research into practice [3, 4].”
The tourism knowledge translation framework: bridging the canyon between theory and practice
Fennell, D. A. (2021) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2021.1887099 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“The argu-ment follows that knowledge creation, distillation and dissemination, alone, are not su ffi cient enough to ensure that the right type of knowledge is available to make the best decisions possible (Straus et al., 2009; see also Straus et al., 2011).”
McCurtin, A., Murphy, C., & Roddam, H. (2019) · Seminars in Speech and Language · doi:10.1055/s-0039-1694996 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Bornstein, S., Baker, R., Navarro, P., Mackey, S., Speed, D., & Sullivan, M. (2017) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-017-0606-4 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Hofmeyer, A. T., Sheingold, B. H., & Taylor, R. (2015) · Journal of International Education Research (JIER) · doi:10.19030/jier.v11i4.9460 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“…decisionmakers and stakeholders from industry, local communities, and professional organizations collaborate to generate ‘real world’ research questions and translate findings into policy and practice (Mitchell et al., 2009, Golden-Biddle et al., 2003, Straus et al., 2011, Hofmeyer et al., 2012).”
BackgroundWiig, S., Robert, G., Anderson, J. E., Pietikäinen, E., Reiman, T., Macchi, L., & Aase, K. (2014) · Reliability Engineering & System Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ress.2014.01.008 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Young, M. E., Thomas, A., Varpio, L., Razack, S., Hanson, M. D., Slade, S., Dayem, K. L., & McKnight, D. J. (2017) · Perspectives on Medical Education · doi:10.1007/s40037-017-0341-5 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“The data generated by the Health Professions Student Diversity Survey and local quality assurance evaluation are a demonstration of how locally relevant primary and evaluative evidence can support evidence-informed policy making [25, 42].”
MethodGoldner, E. M., Jenkins, E., & Fischer, B. (2014) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371405900308 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Kristensen, H. K., & Hounsgaard, L. (2014) · British Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.4276/030802214x13990455043520 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Nevertheless, the lack of use of evidence from research to make informed decisions in health services is evident among all groups of decisionmakers (Straus et al 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialMunce, S., Kastner, M., Cramm, H. A., Lal, S., Deschêne, S.-M., Auais, M. A., Stacey, D., & Brouwers, M. C. (2013) · Journal of Cancer Education · doi:10.1007/s13187-013-0490-0 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Allen, K. D., Bierma-Zeinstra, S., Foster, N. E., Golightly, Y. M., & HAWKER, G. A. (2015) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2015.02.772 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Légaré, F., Robitaille, H., Gane, C., Hébert, J., Labrecque, M., & Rousseau, F. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150123 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“This behavior change can take place among policy makers, healthcare managers, health professionals or healthcare consumers and ultimately aims at improving the health of populations [2].”
BackgroundEarly childhood nutrition concerns, resources and services for Aboriginal families in Victoria
Myers, J., Thorpe, S., Browne, J., Gibbons, K. L., & Brown, S. (2014) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1111/1753-6405.12206 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Vincenten, J. A., MacKay, J. M., Schröder‐Bäck, P., Schloemer, T., & Brand, H. (2019) · Central European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.21101/cejph.a5234 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Veilleux, S., Bouffard, M., & Bouliane, M. B. (2019) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732319858325 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Mining the Management Literature for Insights into Implementing Evidence-Based Change in Healthcare
Harlos, K., Tetroe, J., Graham, I. D., Bird, M., & Robinson, N. (2012) · Healthcare policy · doi:10.12927/hcpol.2012.23016 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“unfortunately, change principles based on research evidence often are not translated into organizational practice, leading to serious losses in efficiency, quality, productivity and other key performance indicators (IOm 2003; Ramanujam and Rousseau 2006; Straus et al. 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citationTranslating Guidelines to Practice: A Training Session about Cancer-Related Fatigue
Jones, G., Rutkowski, N. A., Trudel, G., St-Gelais, C., Ladouceur, M., Brunet, J., & Lebel, S. (2020) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3747/co.27.5681 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Hjalmarson, H., Åhgren, B., & Kjölsrud, M. S. (2012) · Journal of Interprofessional Care · doi:10.3109/13561820.2012.724123 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
A Prospective Review of a Novel Electronic Journal Club Format in an Orthopedic Residency Unit
Clesham, K., Piggott, R. P., & Sheehan, E. C. (2019) · Journal of surgical education · doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2019.08.018 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Tabriz, A. A., Flocke, S. A., Shires, D. A., Dyer, K. E., Schreiber, M., & Lafata, J. E. (2019) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2019-010059 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Using Metaphors to Make Research Findings Meaningful
Steele, R., Baird, J. D., & Davies, B. I. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/08445621221085555 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“In this column, we propose the use of metaphor as one innovative way to make knowledge useful for application in healthcare settings, so that, as noted by Straus et al. (2011), findings can be easily understood and capture the attention of the intended users of the knowledge.”
MethodThe function of expert involvement in China's local policy making
Shen, Y., Ieong, M. U., & Zhu, Z. (2021) · Politics & Policy · doi:10.1111/polp.12450 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
ter Ellen, F., Tielens, K., Fenenga, C., Mieras, L. F., Schoenmakers, A., Arif, M. A., Veldhuijzen, N. J., Peters, R. M. H., Ignotti, E., Kasang, C., et al. (2022) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0010792 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Cross, A., Rosenbaum, P., Grahovac, D., Kay, D., & Gorter, J. W. (2015) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.12249 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“on the target audience and the type of knowledge being transferred, varied KM strategies are needed to share research findings and move knowledge into action (Davis et al. 2003; Straus et al. 2011).”
BackgroundVisram, S., Goodall, D., & Steven, A. (2014) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2014.02.001 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Other authors have reached similar conclusions.(35-37) However, the act of researching, collating and exchanging knowledge is a way of gaining or preserving power by different groups.”
BackgroundBackus, D. A., Winchester, P., & Tefertiller, C. (2010) · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation · doi:10.1310/tsr1705-362 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Barbour, S., Beaulieu, M., Gill, J., Espino-Hernández, G., Reich, H., & Levin, A. (2014) · Clinical Kidney Journal · doi:10.1093/ckj/sfu104 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“However, translation of guideline recommendations into clinical practice is often incomplete, resulting in underutilization of evidence-based interventions capable of improving patient outcomes [14, 15].”
BackgroundShould I take this seriously? A simple checklist for calling bullshit on policy supporting research
Kampen, J. K., & Tamás, P. A. (2013) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-013-9830-8 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ghanem, H., Afrashtehfar, K. I., Abi‐Nader, S., & Tamimi, F. (2015) · The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics · doi:10.4047/jap.2015.7.6.437 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ideas and Approaches for Teaching Undergraduate Research Methods in the Health Sciences.
Peachey, A. A., & Baller, S. L. (2015) · International journal on teaching and learning in higher education · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Using knowledge translation as a framework for the design of a research protocol
Fredericks, S., Martorella, G., & Catallo, C. (2015) · International Journal of Nursing Practice · doi:10.1111/ijn.12338 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
- Authors
- Straus, S. E., Tetroe, J. M., & Graham, I. D.
- Affiliations
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Straus, Sharon E.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 6-10
- ISSN
- 0895-4356 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2086381401
- Cited by
- 383
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 16.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Sciences Research and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Keywords
- knowledge translation, knowledge-to-action cycle, healthcare decision-making, research utilization, health policy makers, healthcare workers
- MeSH terms
- Canada, Decision Making, Health Services Research, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Evidence-Based Medicine, Knowledge, Information Dissemination, Translational Research, Biomedical
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