Tools to support evidence-informed public health decision making
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Public health professionals are increasingly expected to engage in evidence-informed decision making to inform practice and policy decisions. Evidence-informed decision making involves the use of research evidence along with expertise, existing public health resources, knowledge about community health issues, the local context and community, and the political climate. The National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools has identified a seven step process for evidence-informed decision making. Tools have been developed to support public health professionals as they work through each of these steps. This paper provides an overview of tools used in three Canadian public health departments involved in a study to develop capacity for evidence-informed decision making. METHODS: As part of a knowledge translation and exchange intervention, a Knowledge Broker worked with public health professionals to identify and apply tools for use with each of the steps of evidence-informed decision making. The Knowledge Broker maintained a reflective journal and interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of decision makers and public health professionals. This paper presents qualitative analysis of the perceived usefulness and usability of the tools. RESULTS: Tools were used in the health departments to assist in: question identification and clarification; searching for the best available research evidence; assessing the research evidence for quality through critical appraisal; deciphering the 'actionable message(s)' from the research evidence; tailoring messages to the local context to ensure their relevance and suitability; deciding whether and planning how to implement research evidence in the local context; and evaluating the effectiveness of implementation efforts. Decision makers provided descriptions of how the tools were used within the health departments and made suggestions for improvement. Overall, the tools were perceived as valuable for advancing and sustaining evidence-informed decision making. CONCLUSION: Tools are available to support the process of evidence-informed decision making among public health professionals. The usability and usefulness of these tools for advancing and sustaining evidence-informed decision making are discussed, including recommendations for the tools' application in other public health settings beyond this study. Knowledge and awareness of these tools may assist other health professionals in their efforts to implement evidence-informed practice.
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“The quality of the research evidence for this systematic review was assessed with the use of the critical appraisal skills program (CASP), which appraises validity, importance and practicality of the study findings [58,59].”
MethodSelb, M., Zampolini, M., Delargy, M., Kiekens, C., & Stucki, G. (2020) · European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.23736/s1973-9087.19.05961-6 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Evidence-informed decision making for nutrition: African experiences and way forward
Aryeetey, R., Holdsworth, M., Taljaard‐Krugell, C., Hounkpatin, W. A., Colecraft, E., Lachat, C. K., Nago, E. S., Hailu, T., Kolsteren, P. W., & Verstraeten, R. (2017) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665117001082 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
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“Different authors used different terminologies for embedded researchers such as insider researcher [32], knowledge broker [33, 34], or scholar-practitioner [35].”
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Self-citationSkehan, J., Paton, E., & Tynan, R. J. (2019) · Health Promotion Journal of Australia · doi:10.1002/hpja.316 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Barriers and Facilitators to the Elimination of Asbestos Related Diseases—Stakeholders’ Perspectives
Vincenten, J. A., George, F., Martuzzi, M., Schröder‐Bäck, P., & Paunović, E. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14101269 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Overall, empowering a lead agency so initiatives and actions can be coordinated is essential [17].”
BackgroundWolfenden, L., Williams, C. M., Kingsland, M., Yoong, S. L., Nathan, N., Sutherland, R., & Wiggers, J. H. (2020) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1111/1753-6405.13023 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
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Moffat, A., Cook, E., & Chater, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1016076 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“As well as increasing understanding, the use of such guidance tools and resources has also been reported to increase perceived efficiency (74), which could help address the barrier of time constraints raised by participants.”
BackgroundMethodNooraie, R. Y., Marin, A., Hanneman, R. A., Lohfeld, L. H., & Dobbins, M. (2017) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2147-x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“The role of informal routes of connection sometimes is even more important than formal connections in changing behavior [25].”
BackgroundSelf-citationClark, E., Dhaliwal, B., Ciliska, D., Neil-Sztramko, S., Steinberg, M., & Dobbins, M. (2021) · Implementation Science Communications · doi:10.1186/s43058-022-00267-5 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationTerminology for Dissemination and Implementation Research
Rabin, B. A., Viglione, C., & Brownson, R. C. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197660690.003.0002 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Duggan, K., Aisaka, K., Tabak, R. G., Smith, C. A., Erwin, P. C., & Brownson, R. C. (2015) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-015-0891-3 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Easily accessible tools and resources can reduce time and cost barriers to EBDM within LHDs, improving both effectiveness and efficiency [32].”
BackgroundChallenges of using evidence in managerial decision-making of the primary health care system
Hedayatipour, M., Etemadi, S., Hekmat, S. N., & Moosavi, A. (2024) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-023-10409-7 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“…Generation [47, 52, 59, 65–67] Human Resources Management Workforce Development [52, 56, 59, 66] Provide/Use of Evidence Motivation [54, 55, 61, 62, 65] managers lack statistical data analysis skills or interpret the evidence in a way that contradicts its nature, the EBDM process will turn…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialArnold, L., Bimczok, S., Clemens, T., Brand, H., & Starke, D. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0292192 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Public health professionals are increasingly required to engage in evidence-informed decision-making (EIDM) [1], which aims to identify the most effective and cost-efficient interventions, while also minimizing harm, assessing adverse consequences, and enhancing health outcomes for individuals and…”
BackgroundWisell, K., Winblad, U., & Sporrong, S. K. (2016) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1637-6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“In this way, politicians could be helped to work in a more evidence-based way instead of introducing reforms solely based on ideology [30].”
BackgroundGuidebook on Best Practices in Public Health
OECD (2022) · OECD eBooks · doi:10.1787/4f4913dd-en · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Goeman, D., Dickins, M., Iliffe, S., Pond, D. C., & O’Keefe, F. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017672 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Shi, J., Jiang, C., Tan, D., Yu, D., Lü, Y., Sun, P., Pan, Y., Zhang, H., Wang, Z., & Yang, B. (2016) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2016/2694030 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“org/) [29, 30].”
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“Understanding the knowledge and practical considerations underpinning clinical decision‐making is a vital component of laying the groundwork for knowledge translation (Yost et al., 2014).”
BackgroundToomey, E. C., Wolfenden, L., Armstrong, R., Booth, D., Christensen, R., Byrne, M., Dobbins, M., Katikireddi, S. V., Lavis, J. N., Maguire, T., et al. (2022) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009181.pub2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationWhere to Find Evidence-Based Information on Occupational Safety and Health?
van Dijk, F. J. H., & Caraballo-Arias, Y. (2021) · Annals of Global Health · doi:10.5334/aogh.3131 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“A new term is “evidence-informed decision making” [3].”
BackgroundYearwood, A. C. (2018) · Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública · doi:10.26633/rpsp.2018.91 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Delnord, M., Abboud, L. A., da Costa, C. H., & Oyen, H. J. V. (2021) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckab117 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Die Kosten des Schlaganfalls in Deutschland: eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit
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Risk communication and the role of knowledge broker, experiences in Italy
Cori, L. (2016) · Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1080/02772248.2016.1140169 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…a step forward has been done and today we talk about evidence-informed decisions, meaning the use of scientific knowledge together with the knowledge of the community: social, historical, anthropological, psychological, and oral history that are both quantitative and qualitative (Yost et al. 2014).”
BackgroundInformation Seeking When Problem Solving: Perspectives of Public Health Professionals
Newman, K., Dobbins, M., Yost, J., & Ciliska, D. K. (2016) · Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing · doi:10.1111/wvn.12187 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“O’Flaherty, & Capwell, 2011; Peirson, Ciliska, Dobbins, & Mowat, 2012; Yost et al., 2014; Yousefi-Nooraie, Dobbins, Brouwers, & Wakefield, 2012).”
Self-citationGhazali, M. H., Shah, S. A., & Mahmood, M. I. (2018) · International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health · doi:10.15171/ijtmgh.2018.11 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Multiple agroecological practices use and climate change mitigation. A review
Wezel, A., Marchetti, A., Nichenametla, C. K., Boughamoura, O., Kamilia, K., & Bàrberi, P. (2025) · Agronomy for Sustainable Development · doi:10.1007/s13593-025-01048-9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“This method has been recognized as a useful tool for evidence-based decision-making at the policy level (Yost et al. 2014).”
Promoting good practice in health promotion in Spain: the potential role of a new agency
Paredes-Carbonell, J. J., Peiró, R., & Morgana, A. (2016) · Gaceta Sanitaria · doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.07.005 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mahdavi, M., Khasraghi, J. S., Sajadi, H. S., Yazdizadeh, B., Nikooee, S., Ehsani‐Chimeh, E., Dargahi, H., Doshmangir, L., Ghaffari, S., Toyserkanmanesh, R., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Health Policy and Management · doi:10.34172/ijhpm.2021.142 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Parks, R. G., Thomas, F. N., Morshed, A. B., Dodson, E. A., Tian, R., Politi, M. C., Eyler, A. A., Thomas, I., & Brownson, R. C. (2023) · Evidence & Policy · doi:10.1332/174426421x16793276974116 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Computational phenotyping of obstructive airway diseases: protocol for a systematic review
Bashir, M. B. A., Basna, R., Zhang, G., Bäckman, H., Lindberg, A., Ekerljung, L., Axelsson, M., Hedman, L., Vanfleteren, L. E. G. W., Lundbäck, B., et al. (2022) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-022-02078-0 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“We will appraise the general quality of included studies using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP), where the focus of this tool will be in relation to each study’s potential for selection bias; appropriateness of study design; data collection methods; withdrawals and dropouts and analysis (27).”
MethodAbdullahi, L. H., Hara, H., Kahurani, E., Kamthunzi, V., Nthakomwa, L., Oronje, R. N., & Madise, N. (2023) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18018.2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Essential skills for using research evidence in public health policy: a systematic review
Ziam, S., Gignac, P., Courant, É., & Sween-Cadieux, E. M. (2021) · Evidence & Policy · doi:10.1332/174426421x16250726996691 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Muir, R. (2023) · Journal of the Australian Library and Information Association · doi:10.1080/24750158.2023.2206603 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Tools can focus on a single part of evidence use (such as discovery, synthesis, appraisal, or reporting) or broadly cover all areas (Jakobsen et al., 2019; Peirson et al., 2012; Yost et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSubahe, A., Baker, P., & Polman, R. (2026) · Health Research Policy and Systems · doi:10.1186/s12961-026-01443-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“The integration of research evidence into policymaking has been associated with more effective and efficient public health programs, ensuring that decisions are responsive to evolving and complex health challenges [53].”
A Big-Data Informed Model Approach to Hearing Health Policy Decision Making
Katrakazas, P., Manta, O., & Koutsouris, D. (2018) · International Conference on Signal-Image Technology & Internet-Based Systems (SITIS) · doi:10.1109/sitis.2018.00116 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“a list of decision support tools for evidenceinformed policies aimed at public health professionals [8]”
BackgroundA comment on the protect–manage–then‐restore workflow
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“There are tools to support decision-making in many fields (Yost et al. 2014; Poot et al. 2018).”
MethodMurphy, A. F., & Ollerenshaw, A. (2022) · Online Information Review · doi:10.1108/oir-08-2021-0403 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Joseph, N. K., Macharia, P. M., & Okiro, E. A. (2022) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0000686 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Therefore, tools to support stakeholders and policy makers in evidence-based decision-making have become increasingly important [1].”
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“We applied the Delphi method to engage target users to determine currents tools and resources used in viral zoonotic disease outbreak surveillance, utility, or limitations.(8,9) The results will support future projects to integrate bioinformatics tools and resources into spatial decision support systems that support t…”
MethodEvidence-informed decision-making in public health in Canada: a qualitative exploration
Romano, I., Clark, E., Quiambao, J., Horn, M., Dare, L., Rogers, K., & Dobbins, M. (2024) · International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare · doi:10.1097/xeb.0000000000000454 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Lavoie, A. (2002) · Érudit (Université de Montréal)
Computational phenotyping of obstructive airway diseases: protocol for a systematic reviewPreprint
Bashir, M. B. A., Basna, R., Zhang, G., Beckman, H., Lindberg, A., Ekerljung, L., Axelsson, M., Hedman, L., Vanfleteren, L. E. G. W., Lundbäck, B., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-56360/v2
Alsaleh, S. A. (2021) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.208321
Identifying Australian Policy Makers’ Perceptions of eHealth InterventionsPreprint
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“It is the responsibility of those in health policy and service to gather a reliable evidence base so they can ensure they are both accurate and effective in their response and strategies to reduce smoking rates, and thus the burden of disease (4).”
BackgroundDhaliwal, B., Neil‐Sztramko, S., Boston-Fisher, N., Buckeridge, D. L., & Dobbins, M. (2021) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/26503 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Virtanen, P. J., & Yli-Viikari, T. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_4180-1
FEATURES OF CONTENT PRESENTATION IN MULTI-SCENARIO SYSTEMS
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“Issues of informing the public are considered separately in [6].”
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Subahe, A., Baker, P., & Carroll, J. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1289313/v1
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Is there Evidence to Suggest that Maternal Obesity Impacts Breastfeeding Prevalence? – A Review
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“Many of the studies were carried out in developed countries, limiting the generalizability of the evidence for public health practice in different settings [51].”
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“While organization-level barriers were often more challenging to overcome, the rKB used open-ended probing to better understand providers’ clinical workflow, and offered suggestions, based on implementation science literature and the TEACH Project, for how they could adapt the mood intervention to their FHT’s current…”
BackgroundGenerating relevant evaluations for sustainability
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“Issues of informing the public are considered separately in [7].”
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Exogenous Shocks, Resilience, and the Evolution of Public Governance, the Case of Finland
Virtanen, P. J., & Yli-Viikari, T. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-66252-3_4180
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- Authors
- Yost, J., Dobbins, M., Traynor, R., DeCorby, K., Workentine, S., & Greco, L.
- Affiliations
- McMaster University (CA)
- Public Health Ontario (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Yost, Jennifer
- Venue
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2014-07-18
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 728-728
- ISSN
- 1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4223550
- OpenAlex
- W2028806048
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 13.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (126353, 101867_1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Sciences Research and Education
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Public Health Policies and Education
- Keywords
- evidence-informed decision-making, public health decision-making, decision support system, knowledge translation, knowledge brokers, critical appraisal, health departments, tool usability, evidence-informed practice
- MeSH terms
- Decision Making, Health Policy, Humans, Ontario, Public Health, Evidence-Based Medicine, Information Dissemination
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