Cited by 197scientometrics and bibliometrics researchMeta-analysis and systematic reviewsAcademic Publishing and Open Access

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Scientific citations favor positive results: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

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Duyx, Bram, Urlings, Miriam J.E., Swaen, Gerard M.H., Bouter, Lex M., Zeegers, Maurice P.·2017·Journal of Clinical Epidemiology

DOI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.06.002

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Abstract

Objectives Citation bias concerns the selective citation of scientific articles based on their results. We brought together all available evidence on citation bias across scientific disciplines and quantified its impact.Study design and setting An extensive search strategy was applied to the Web of Science Core Collection and Medline, yielding 52 studies in total. We classified these studies on scientific discipline, selection method, and other variables. We also performed random-effects meta-analyses to pool the effect of positive vs. negative results on subsequent citations. Finally, we checked for other determinants of citation as reported in the citation bias literature.Results Evidence for the occurrence of citation bias was most prominent in the biomedical sciences and least in the natural sciences. Articles with statistically significant results were cited 1.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-1.8) times more often than articles with nonsignificant results. Articles in which the authors explicitly conclude to have found support for their hypothesis were cited 2.7 (CI 2.0-3.7) times as often. Article results and journal impact factor were associated with citation more often than any other reported determinant.Conclusion Similar to what we already know on publication bias, also citation bias can lead to an overrepresentation of positive results and unfounded beliefs.

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Authors: Duyx, B., Urlings, M. J. E., Swaen, G. M. H., Bouter, L. M., & Zeegers, M. P.
Affiliations: Maastricht University (NL)
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
Corresponding author: Duyx, Bram
ORCID: Duyx, Bram
Urlings, Miriam J.E.
Swaen, Gerard M.H.
Bouter, Lex M.
Zeegers, Maurice P.
Venue: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2017-08
Volume: 88
Pages: 92-101
ISSN: 0895-4356 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.06.002
OpenAlex: W2623032108
Cited by: 197
References: 66
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 2
FWCI: 3.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Funders: European Chemical Industry Council
Topics: Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Academic Publishing and Open Access
Keywords: citation bias, publication bias, positive results, non-significant results, scientific citations, journal impact factor, hypothesis confirmation, scientific disciplines
MeSH terms: Humans, Periodicals as Topic, Publication Bias, Journal Impact Factor

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

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Scientific citations favor positive results: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

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