CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 80Voice and Speech DisordersPhonetics and Phonology ResearchLinguistic Variation and Morphology

Increased vocal intensity due to the Lombard effect in speakers with Parkinson's disease: Simultaneous laryngeal and respiratory strategies

Open access
Stathopoulos, Elaine T., Huber, Jessica E., Richardson, Kelly, Kamphaus, Jennifer, DeCicco, Devan, Darling, Meghan, Fulcher, Katrina, Sussman, Joan E.·2014·Journal of Communication Disorders
DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2013.12.001PMC PMC4300854
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Purpose The objective of the present study was to investigate whether speakers with hypophonia, secondary to Parkinson's disease (PD), would increases their vocal intensity when speaking in a noisy environment (Lombard effect). The other objective was to examine the underlying laryngeal and respiratory strategies used to increase vocal intensity. Methods Thirty-three participants with PD were included for study. Each participant was fitted with the SpeechVive™ device that played multi-talker babble noise into one ear during speech. Using acoustic, aerodynamic and respiratory kinematic techniques, the simultaneous laryngeal and respiratory mechanisms used to regulate vocal intensity were examined. Results Significant group results showed that most speakers with PD (26/33) were successful at increasing their vocal intensity when speaking in the condition of multi-talker babble noise. They were able to support their increased vocal intensity and subglottal pressure with combined strategies from both the laryngeal and respiratory mechanisms. Individual speaker analysis indicated that the particular laryngeal and respiratory interactions differed among speakers. Conclusions The SpeechVive™ device elicited higher vocal intensities from patients with PD. Speakers used different combinations of laryngeal and respiratory physiologic mechanisms to increase vocal intensity, thus suggesting that disease process does not uniformly affect the speech subsystems. Learning outcomes Readers will be able to: (1) identify speech characteristics of people with Parkinson's disease (PD), (2) identify typical respiratory strategies for increasing sound pressure level (SPL), (3) identify typical laryngeal strategies for increasing SPL, (4) define the Lombard effect.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2013.12.001

Cites

42 of 42 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The LSVT LOUD and SpeechVive interventions followed the standardized protocol and treatment dose previously described for each approach.

    “The LSVT LOUD and SpeechVive interventions followed the standardized protocol and treatment dose previously described for each approach (Ramig, Sapir, Countryman, et al., 2001; Ramig, Sapir, Fox, & Countryman, 2001; Stathopoulos et al., 2014).”

    From Respiratory Responses to Two Voice Interventions for Parkinson's Disease (2022) · cites this paper as Stathopoulos et al., 2014

    Methods §2.3.1 describes how SpeechVive was used in a single session, and Discussion §4.5 describes an 8-week program of at least 30 minutes a day, five days a week, that was then under way. This supports aspects of the SpeechVive approach and dose, but the paper does not establish a standardized completed treatment protocol or verify that the citing study followed it; it also does not specify an LSVT LOUD treatment dose. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The LSVT LOUD and the SpeechVive interventions followed the standardized protocol and treatment dose previously described for each approach.

    “The LSVT LOUD and the SpeechVive interventions followed the standardized protocol and treatment dose previously described for each approach (Ramig, Sapir, Fox, & Countryman, 2001; Stathopoulos et al., 2014).”

    From Perception of Physical Demand, Mental Demand, and Performance: A Comparison of Two Voice Interventions for Parkinson's Disease (2022) · cites this paper as Stathopoulos et al., 2014

    The Methods (§2.3) describe how SpeechVive was used, and the Discussion (§4.5) gives the dose of an eight-week training program. But the paper studied a one-session application and says that training program was still under way; it does not establish a previously described standardized SpeechVive treatment protocol and dose. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Stathopoulos et al. (2014) found that the use of an external noise cue, delivered through the SpeechVive prosthesis, evoked respiratory and laryngeal efficiencies during speech production in the majority of speakers with Parkinson's disease.

    “Similar findings were reported by Stathopoulos et al. (2014), who found that the use of an external noise cue, delivered through the SpeechVive prosthesis, evoked respiratory and laryngeal efficiencies during speech production in the majority of speakers with PD.”

    From Respiratory Responses to Two Voice Interventions for Parkinson's Disease (2022) · cites this paper as Stathopoulos et al. (2014)

  • In the Stathopoulos et al. study, 19 of 33 participants increased lung volume initiation and lung volume termination the first time they used the SpeechVive prosthesis.

    “In the Stathopoulos et al. study, 19 of 33 participants increased LVI and LVT the first time they used the SpeechVive prosthesis.”

    From Respiratory Responses to Two Voice Interventions for Parkinson's Disease (2022) · cites this paper as Stathopoulos et al. (2014)

  • The variability in speech breathing patterns used to support louder speech, as reflected in Figure 2 and Table 4, is consistent with prior studies of persons with PD and healthy young adults.

    “Last, the authors would like to note that the variability in speech breathing patterns used to support louder speech, as reflected in Figure 2 and Table 4, is consistent with prior studies of persons with PD (Bunton, 2005; Huber et al., 2003; Stathopoulos et al., 2014) and healthy young adults (Stathopoulos & Sapienza, 1993).”

    From Respiratory Responses to Two Voice Interventions for Parkinson's Disease (2022) · cites this paper as Stathopoulos et al., 2014

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

3 of the 45 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Countryman S Ramig LO Effects of intensive voice therapy on voice deficits associated with bilateral thalamotomy in Parkinson disease: A case study Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology 1993 1 233 249
  2. Huber JE Stathopoulos ET Ramig LO Lancaster SL Respiratory function and variability in individuals with Parkinson disease: Pre- and post-Lee Silverman Voice Treatment Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology 2003 11 4 185 201

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Stathopoulos, E. T., Huber, J. E., Richardson, K., Kamphaus, J., DeCicco, D., Darling, M., Fulcher, K., & Sussman, J. E.
Affiliations
  • University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
  • Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
Corresponding author
Stathopoulos, Elaine T.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Communication Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-03
Volume
48
Pages
1-17
ISSN
0021-9924 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jcomdis.2013.12.001
PMC
PMC4300854
OpenAlex
W2011804370
Cited by
80
References
45
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1
FWCI
3.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Communication Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (TR000006)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Voice and Speech Disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
  • Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Linguistic Variation and Morphology
Keywords
Lombard effect, Parkinson's disease, hypophonia, vocal intensity, speech perception in noise, multi-talker babble, subglottal pressure, respiratory kinematics
MeSH terms
Acoustics, Aged, Biomechanical Phenomena, Female, Humans, Larynx, Male, Parkinson Disease, Respiratory Physiological Phenomena, Voice, Voice Disorders

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review