A field experiment of the impact of body-worn cameras (BWCs) on police officer behavior and perceptions
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Ariel, B., Farrar, W. A., & Sutherland, A. (2015) · Journal of Quantitative Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10940-014-9236-3 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
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Research on body‐worn cameras: What we know, what we need to know
Lum, C., Stoltz, M., Koper, C. S., & Scherer, J. A. (2019) · Criminology & Public Policy · doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12412 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Body-worn cameras’ effects on police officers and citizen behavior: A systematic review
Lum, C., Koper, C. S., Wilson, D. B., Stoltz, M., Goodier, M., Eggins, E., Higginson, A., & Mazerolle, L. (2020) · Campbell Systematic Reviews: Better Evidence for a Better World · doi:10.1002/cl2.1112 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
“Additionally, only two studies (Headley et al., 2017; Katz et al., 2015) The overall RIRR = 1.148, which translates to a 15.9% relative increase in assaults or resistance against officers wearing BWCs.”
InfluentialLum, C. M., Koper, C. S., Wu, X., Johnson, W. F., & Stoltz, M. (2020) · Police Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1098611119896081 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Body-Worn Cameras in Policing: Benefits and Costs
Williams Jr., M., Weil, N., Rasich, E., Ludwig, J., Chang, H., & Egrari, S. (2021) · doi:10.3386/w28622 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“For example, as part of the debate about whether to adopt BWCs in Portland, the mayor’s office declared, "the budget is tight, but the Mayor intends to revisit the use of body cameras when financial conditions permit" (Iboshi, 2021). The best review to date of the BWC literature is a meta-analysis carried out for the…”
BackgroundThe effects of body-worn cameras on police organisation and practice: a theory-based analysis
Koen, M. C., Willis, J. J., & Mastrofski, S. (2019) · Policing & Society · doi:10.1080/10439463.2018.1467907 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“Many studies explore to what extent cameras deliver these benefits (Ariel et al. 2015, 2016, 2017, Jennings et al. 2015, Katz et al. 2015, Braga et al. 2017, Headley et al. 2017, Henstock and Ariel 2017, Sutherland et al. 2017, White et al. 2017b).”
BackgroundUnderstanding police officer resistance to body-worn cameras
Huff, J., Katz, C., & Webb, V. (2018) · Policing: An International Journal · doi:10.1108/pijpsm-03-2018-0038 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Promise of police body‐worn cameras
Malm, A. E. (2019) · Criminology & Public Policy · doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12420 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“T A B L E 3 Research on BWCs and use of force Agency Location Authors Year SMS Findinga Sizeb Birmingham South PD England Henstock & Ariel 2017 5 2 Boston PD Massachusetts Braga, Barao, et al. 2018 5 2 DC Met PD DC Yokum et al. 2017 5 3 Denver PD Colorado Ariel 2016 3 2 Edmonton PS Canada Edmonton PS 2015 3 1 Hallanda…”
BackgroundInfluentialCitizens' perceptions of body-worn cameras (BWCs): Findings from a quasi-randomized controlled trial
Demir, M. (2019) · Journal of criminal justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2018.09.009 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Ariel, B., Sutherland, A., & Sherman, L. W. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11292-018-9344-4 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Can Technology Work for Policing? Citizen Perceptions of Police-Body Worn Cameras
Wright, J. E., & Headley, A. M. (2021) · The American Review of Public Administration · doi:10.1177/0275074020945632 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“…behavioral outcomes including but not limited to, use of force, assaults on police officers, arrests, stops and frisks, citations (Ariel, 2016; Headley et al., 2017; Jennings et al., 2014; Ramirez, 2014), and officer perceptions (Goetschel & Peha, 2017; Jennings et al., 2015; Tankebe & Ariel,…”
BackgroundSelf-citationBraga, A. A., Barao, L. M., Zimmerman, G. M., Douglas, S., & Sheppard, K. (2020) · Journal of Quantitative Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10940-019-09434-9 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Demir, M., Braga, A. A., & Apel, R. (2020) · Criminology & Public Policy · doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12505 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Adams, I. T., Mourtgos, S. M., & Mastracci, S. H. (2021) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.13339 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The Effect of COVID-19 on Domestic Violence and Assaults
Demir, M., & Park, S. (2021) · Criminal Justice Review · doi:10.1177/07340168211061160 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Since previous studies have shown that use of BWC is associated with arrests (e.g., Ariel, 2016; Braga et al., 2018; Groff et al., 2020; Headley et al., 2017; Hedberg et al., 2016; Huff et al., 2020; Ready & Young, 2015), the present study included BWC as a control variable.”
ResultPiza, E. L. (2018) · International Criminal Justice Review · doi:10.1177/1057567718759583 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Headley et al. (2017) found that officers were pessimistic about BWVC, with officers reporting that the cameras would not improve transparency and accountability, reduce citizen complaints, or reduce officer use of force.”
BackgroundInfluentialPatterson, Q., & White, M. D. (2021) · Police Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1098611121996716 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Officers tend to believe that BWC implementation will lead to better behavior within the department (among their co-workers), though most officers do not believe cameras will significantly affect their own behavior (Gaub et al., 2020; Headley et al., 2017; Jennings et al., 2014).”
BackgroundBraga, A. A., MacDonald, J. M., & McCabe, J. (2022) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/1745-9125.12293 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Exploring Variation in Police Perceptions of De-Escalation: Do Officer Characteristics Matter?
White, M. D., Mora, V. J., & Orosco, C. (2019) · Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice · doi:10.1093/police/paz062 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Groff, E. R., Haberman, C. P., & Wood, J. D. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11292-019-09383-0 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Eight others found no significant differences in use of force incidents between officers who wore BWCs and those who did not (Ariel 2016; Braga et al. 2018a; Edmonton Police Service 2015; Headley et al. 2017; Peterson et al. 2018; Toronto Police Service 2016; White et al. 2017; Yokum et al. 2017).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialClare, J., Henstock, D., McComb, C., Newland, R., Barnes, G., Lee, M., & Taylor, E. N. (2019) · Criminal Justice Review · doi:10.1177/0734016819846236 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Willis, J. J. (2022) · Criminology & Public Policy · doi:10.21428/cb6ab371.55af6c87 · Cited by 25
Lawrence, D. S., & Peterson, B. E. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11292-019-09385-y · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Public Service Motivation and Public Opinion
Piatak, J., & Holt, S. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108966672 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Police use of body worn cameras
Laming, E. (2019) · Police Practice & Research · doi:10.1080/15614263.2018.1558586 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Most empirical research on BWCs have strictly examined use of force and complaints as the primary performance outcomes (Headley et al., 2017).”
BackgroundHuff, J., Katz, C., & Hedberg, E. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11292-020-09448-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Activate Compliance: A Multilevel Study of Factors Associated With Activation of Body-Worn Cameras
Boivin, R., Poirier, B., & D’Elia, M. (2021) · Criminal Justice Review · doi:10.1177/0734016820988327 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“For example, Headley et al. (2017) found that activation compliance can decrease substantially over time (from an average of 82%–55% after a 6-month period), even when a strict policy is implemented.”
BackgroundInfluentialOfficers' perceptions regarding the unexpected effects of body-worn cameras
Pickering, J. C. (2020) · Policing: An International Journal · doi:10.1108/pijpsm-09-2019-0153 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Demir, M., & Kule, A. (2020) · European Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1177/1477370820905105 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“…trial because both true random assignment (Campbell and Stanley, 1966; Shadish et al., 2002) and quasi-random assignment1 (Weisburd and Britt, 2014: 677) were used to assign the officers to deliver the experimental condition and the control condition (see Demir, 2019; Headley et al., 2017).”
MethodThe Effect of COVID-19 on Police Activities: Traffic Stops, Arrests, and Use of Force
Demir, M., & Cassino, P. P. (2022) · Criminal Justice Review · doi:10.1177/07340168221139356 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“…(e.g., Ariel et al., 2016; Demir, 2019, 2021; Demir et al., 2020; Ellis et al., 2015), use of force (e.g., Ariel et al., 2015; Braga et al., 2018; Headley et al., 2017; Huff et al., 2020), arrests (e.g., Ariel, 2016; Braga et al., 2018; Groff et al., 2020; Headley et al., 2017; Hedberg et al.,…”
Body-worn cameras: Technological frames and project abandonment
Koen, M. C., Newell, B. C., & Roberts, M. R. (2020) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2020.101773 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Taylor, E. N., & Lee, M. (2019) · British Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1093/bjc/azz007 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Wilson, K., Eaton, J., Foye, U., Ellis, M., Thomas, E., & Simpson, A. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12954 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The results of a randomized controlled trial of police body-worn video in Australia
Clare, J., Henstock, D., McComb, C., Newland, R., & Barnes, G. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11292-019-09387-w · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“There is also a lack of confidence that cameras would protect police from assaults (Ellis et al. 2015; Headley et al. 2017), likely explained by the moderating influence intoxication and familiarity with the criminal justice system would have on “potential” offenders’ decision-making (Owens and…”
BackgroundDoes an Increased Share of Black Police Officers Decrease Racial Discrimination in Law Enforcement?
Pyo, S. (2022) · Urban Affairs Review · doi:10.1177/10780874211070245 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Who Watches the Watchmen: Evidence of the Effect of Body-Worn Cameras on New York City PolicingPreprint
Zamoff, M., Greenwood, B. N., & Burtch, G. (2020) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3490785 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The Effects of Body-Worn Cameras on Violent Police Victimization
Douglas, S. (2020) · Policing A Journal of Policy and Practice · doi:10.1093/police/paaa032 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Huff, J., Katz, C. M., Webb, V. J., & Hedberg, E. C. (2020) · Police Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1098611120928306 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Small sample sizes are not unusual in BWC evaluations, for example, the evaluation of BWCs in Hallandale Beach only involved 51 officers (Headley et al., 2017) and the evaluation in Mesa involved 100 officers (Ready & Young, 2015).”
InfluentialKim, T. (2019) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3474634 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Pooryousef, V., Cordeil, M., Besançon, L., Bassed, R., & Dwyer, T. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics · doi:10.1109/tvcg.2024.3456212 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“For instance, body-worn cameras on members of the police force are often seen as intrusive and raise concerns about the wearers’ privacy [29,34].”
BackgroundPolice perceptions of body-worn cameras (BWCs) by type of police agency
Demir, M. (2021) · Journal of Policing Intelligence and Counter Terrorism · doi:10.1080/18335330.2021.1962956 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“…2006), satisfaction with police (Mazerolle, Antrobus, Bennett, & Tyler, 2013), citizen support for BWCs, citizen safety (Smykla et al., 2016; see also Jennings et al., 2014); [citizens’] general perceptions of police (Demir & Kule, 2020); and transparency and accountability (Headley et al., 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialChoi, S., Michalski, N. D., & Snyder, J. A. (2022) · Criminal Justice Review · doi:10.1177/07340168221093549 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Officer Receptivity to Body-Worn Cameras
Bartholomew, B., Bennett, R. R., Baxter, S. K., & Champagne, H. (2021) · Policing A Journal of Policy and Practice · doi:10.1093/police/paab018 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Kang, I. (2023) · Journal of policy analysis and management · doi:10.1002/pam.22493 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Triola, A. M., & Chanin, J. (2022) · International Journal of Police Science & Management · doi:10.1177/14613557221132490 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Although BWCs have been associated with a reduction in the use of force, there is mixed evidence about their association with the frequency of arrests or issuance of citations (Braga et al., 2018; Headley et al., 2017).”
BackgroundCitizen attitudes towards the public release of police body-worn camera video footage
Todak, N., Leban, L., & James, L. (2021) · Police Practice & Research · doi:10.1080/15614263.2021.1969929 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Some research has examined the impact of BWCs on citizen compliance with officers, with results varying from increased assaults on officers (Ariel et al., 2016) to no differences (Grossmith et al., 2015; Headley et al., 2017; Katz et al., 2014; White et al., 2017).”
BackgroundRepresentations of Policing Problems and Body-Worn Cameras in Existing Research
Backman, C., & Löfstrand, C. (2021) · International Criminal Justice Review · doi:10.1177/10575677211020813 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“The meaning of “use of force” is sometimes not defined at all (e.g., Braga et al., 2019; e.g., Headley et al., 2017; Sutherland et al., 2017).”
BackgroundProcedural justice concerns and support for BWCs: turning the lens to officer perceptions
Saulnier, A., Louis, E. S., & McCarty, W. P. (2019) · Policing An International Journal · doi:10.1108/pijpsm-09-2018-0137 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Examining drug enforcement by specialized police units in Chicago, 2008–2019
Burke, P. J. (2022) · Journal of criminal justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2022.101905 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The Effects of Body-Worn Cameras on Self-Initiated Police Encounters
Bennett, R. R., Bartholomew, B., Baxter, S. K., Champagne, H., & Schuler, E. R. (2022) · Police Quarterly · doi:10.1177/10986111221123798 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Exploring the impact of body-worn video on the everyday behaviours of police officers
Harrison, K., L'Hoiry, X., & Santorso, S. (2021) · The Police Journal · doi:10.1177/0032258x211000834 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Pollock, W., Scott, S., & Moore, E. W. (2020) · The Police Journal Theory Practice and Principles · doi:10.1177/0032258x20924445 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Braga, A. A., MacDonald, J. M., & McCabe, J. E. (2024) · Criminology & Public Policy · doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12679 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Guler, A., Boke, K., & VanDorick, D. (2025) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/00111287251391200 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Zhao, J., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Journal of criminal justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2022.101972 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Rationales for body camera implementation and outcome measures
Lessing, S. (2021) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.12952 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
De-escalation technology: the impact of body-worn cameras on citizen-police interactions
Fetzer, T., Barbosa, D., & Souza, P. C. L. (2021) · AEA Randomized Controlled Trials · doi:10.1257/rct.7785-1.0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Finally, some papers included in the experiment officers that volunteered to wear a BWC (Jennings et al., 2015; Ready and Young, 2015; White et al., 2017; Headley et al., 2017; Braga et al., 2017, 2018).”
BackgroundMcCarty, W. P., Meng, Z., Buslik, M., & Moreno, R. (2021) · Journal of criminal justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2021.101819 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Police officers' opinions about some effects of the use of body worn cameras
Milidragović, D., & Milić, N. (2024) · Nauka bezbednost policija · doi:10.5937/nabepo29-48718 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“…potential to positively impact the performance of less engaged officers and may prompt a restructuring of measures and actions taken (e.g. more self-initiated preventive actions), as it is observed in the US (Ready & Young, 2015; Peterson et al., 2018; Headley et al., 2017; Wallace et al., 2018).”
BackgroundMethodHeadley, A. M., Baker, D. B., & Kang, I. (2025) · PAR. Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.13927 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationAli, M. U., & Wright, J. E. (2024) · American Review of Public Administration · doi:10.1177/02750740241229998 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“First, we argue that the fi ndings on BWC impacts are mixed because the prior literature construes police agencies as politically neutral organizations that respond to accountability mechanisms in straightforward, predictable ways (Headley et al., 2017; Pyo, 2020).”
BackgroundChoi, S., Bitter, A. N., Sturges, H. A., & Snyder, J. A. (2023) · Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology · doi:10.1007/s11896-023-09615-0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Studies have found that the presence of BWCs can decrease (e.g., Ariel et al. 2015; Jennings et al. 2015), increase (e.g., Ariel et al. 2016; Miller and Chillar 2022), or have no significant impact on (e.g., Headley et al. 2017; Yokum et al. 2017 police use of force and civilian complaints.”
Does Police Stop and Search Make Everyone Feel Safe? Evidence From the United States
Mulaphong, D., & Cheurprakobkit, S. (2021) · Race and Justice · doi:10.1177/21533687211023576 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“However, Headley et al. (2017) found that some police officers were reluctant to wear BWCs, arguing that all of their actions would be recorded and that footage could be subject to administrative and legal considerations.”
BackgroundCouture‐Carron, A., & Saulnier, A. (2025) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605241311610 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The effects of differential timing in the adoption of BWCs on civilian complaints
Alda, E. (2023) · Policing: An International Journal · doi:10.1108/pijpsm-10-2022-0140 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Henne, K., Shore, K., & Harb, J. I. (2021) · Critical Social Policy · doi:10.1177/02610183211033923 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Pooryousef, V., Dwyer, T., Bassed, R., Cordeil, M., & Besançon, L. (2025) · 2025 IEEE Conference on Engaging Critical Workforce In co-Design aNd Assessment (ECWIDNA) · doi:10.1109/ecwidna68506.2025.00007 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“This concern has been observed in other fields as well, such as the use of body-cameras for police officers [10].”
Mortimer, G., Lavan, T., & Glavas, C. (2025) · International journal of human computer interactions · doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2499167 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Officers equipped with BWC experienced 38.3% fewer use-of-force incidents compared to non-BWC officers (Groff et al., 2020) and tended to use less intrusive methods to resolve incidents (Headley et al., 2017).”
InfluentialGoormans, I., & Vandeviver, C. (2024) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2024.2420254 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…impact of bodycams on violent resistance appears to vary based on the suspects involved, their decision-making, and the deterrent effect on both officers and suspects (Ariel et al. 2016, 2018; Headley, Guerette, and Shariati 2017; Kruse et al. 2023; Lum et al. 2020; Wood, Groff, and Talley 2023).”
Harney, J. (2024) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/00111287241285406 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Tavares, G. M., Marcolino, A. C. F., & Cabral, S. (2024) · Administração Pública e Gestão Social · doi:10.21118/apgs.v16i1.15774 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Constantinou, A. G., & Markianos, K. (2023) · International Criminology · doi:10.1007/s43576-023-00081-6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Coupled with these findings, officers in Hallandale Beach Police Department were found to become more (albeit slightly) pessimistic after the implementation of BWCs (Headley et al., 2017).”
ResultPolice officers as filmmakers: the cinematography of body worn cameras
Sandhu, A., & Simmons, J. (2022) · Policing and Society: An International Journal of Research and Policy · doi:10.1080/10439463.2022.2160450 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Consider discretionary decisions officers make about the body worn camera’s usage when considering a victim’s privacy, or maintaining the security of tactical discussion, or when speaking to a witness who is more likely to speak while off-camera (M.D. White, Flippin, and Malm 2019, Saulnier, Bagg, and Thompson 2021).”
BackgroundInfluentialLes caméras portatives utilisées par les forces policières : suppositions et implications
Laming, E., Schneider, C., Watson, P., & Dubois, F. (2021) · Criminologie · doi:10.7202/1076692ar · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Police Body-Worn Camera Perceptions Pre/post Deployment
Veerman, A. (2019) · doi:10.30707/etd2019.veerman.a · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Understanding the Organizational Factors that Impact Police-Community Relations
Headley, A. M. (2018) · doi:10.25148/etd.fidc006817 · Cited by 2
Self-citationGüler, A., & Boke, K. (2026) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2026.102641 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Demir, M. (2026) · Journal of Policing Intelligence and Counter Terrorism · doi:10.1080/18335330.2026.2613433 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Moreover, five pre– post experimental studies found that officers’ perceptions of BWCs’ effect on citizen compliance with police became significantly more negative following deployment (Clare et al., 2019; Gaub et al., 2016; Headley et al., 2017; White et al., 2018; Wooditch et al., 2020).”
InfluentialMandracchia, J. T., & Gulledge, L. M. (2023) · Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology · doi:10.1007/s11896-023-09623-0 · Cited by 1
“This has included: administrative and procedural policies (Headley et al. 2017; Mummolo 2017; Terrill and Paoline III 2017), organizational and occupational factors (Weisburd et al. 2000; Wolfe and Piquero 2011), situational conditions (Sherman 1980), and police culture (Ingram et al. 2018).”
What Matters More? Police or the Community for Body Worn Camera Policy
Wright, J. E., & Brown, H. (2020) · Public Administration Quarterly · doi:10.37808/paq.44.3.5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“There is a litany of studies that identify how BWC technology influences outcomes related to policing (Braga et al., 2018; Demir et al., 2018; Headley et al., 2017; Koen, Willis & Mastrofski, 2018; McClure et al., 2017; Taylor & Lee, 2019).”
BackgroundTheory and Practice of Undercover Investigations
Murphy, B. (2021) · doi:10.1007/978-981-33-6381-6_3 · Cited by 1
The Impact of Police Shootings in the United States on Police-Community Relations
Arslan, H. (2019) · Policing and Minority Communities · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-19182-5_7 · Cited by 1
Perceptions of Body-Worn Cameras: Findings from a Panel Survey of Two LAPD Divisions
Wooditch, A. C., Uchida, C. D., Solomon, S. E., Revier, L., Connor, C., Shutinya, M., McCluskey, J. D., & Swatt, M. L. (2020) · American Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1007/s12103-020-09517-5
Gaub, J., Todak, N., & White, M. D. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11292-020-09429-8
Citizen Journalism and Public Cynicism toward Police in the USA
Browning, L. M., Merlino, M. L., & Sharp, J. (2020) · Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology · doi:10.1007/s11896-020-09385-z
Archbold, C. A., Koski, C. M., & Bock, K. (2026) · Policing: An International Journal · doi:10.1108/pijpsm-09-2025-0177
Connecting Body-Worn Camera Attitudes to Stress and Burnout Among Chinese Police Officers
Sun, R., Wu, Y.-N., Sun, I. Y., Kim, D. Y. S., & Han, Z.-Q. (2026) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/00027642261423346
van Lith, L., Ejbye-Ernst, P., Borghuis, E. E., & Hutter, R. I. (2026) · Policing: An International Journal · doi:10.1108/pijpsm-08-2025-0146
“Authorize, Justify, and Excuse”: Accountability and the Escalation of Force
Spendik, A. (2026) · Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice · doi:10.3138/cjccj-2025-0015
Goormans, I., BLOKLAND, A. A. J., Steenbeek, W., & Vandeviver, C. (2025) · Victims & Offenders · doi:10.1080/15564886.2025.2581029
“…running from the officer, or violently resist by using physical force to overpower the police officer (Belvedere et al., 2005; Boivin, 2017; Ellrich, 2016; Goormans & Vandeviver, 2024; Headley et al., 2017; Johnson, 2019; Marotta, 2015; Mulvey & White, 2014; Terrill, 2003; Whichard & Felson, 2016).”
Freemon, K. R. (2024) · Policing: An International Journal · doi:10.1108/pijpsm-02-2024-0018
Bromberg, D. E., Faubert, C., & Charbonneau, É. (2022) · Criminology & Public Policy · doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12589
Zamoff, M., Greenwood, B. N., & Burtch, G. (2021) · Journal of Law, Economics & Organization · doi:10.1093/jleo/ewab026
- Authors
- Headley, A. M., Guerette, R. T., & Shariati, A.
- Affiliations
- Florida International University (US)
- St. Joseph's University New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Headley, Andrea M.
- Venue
- Journal of Criminal Justice
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-11
- Volume
- 53
- Pages
- 102-109
- ISSN
- 0047-2352 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2766956795
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 8
- FWCI
- 52.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2020-05-01)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Criminal Justice (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Policing Practices and Perceptions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Deception detection and forensic psychology
- Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Law and Evidence
- Keywords
- body-worn cameras, police behavior, police-citizen interaction, police-community relations, police officers' perceptions, police use of force, community policing, police accountability
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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