The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The 2009 H1N1 influenza outbreak in its historical context.
Abstract
Of the 16 known serotypes of influenza A haemagglutinin, 6 have been isolated from humans at the molecular level (H1, H2, H3, H5, H7, H9). 3 of these have been involved in past pandemics (H1, H2, H3). Traditional pandemic surveillance has focussed on monitoring antigenic shift, meaning the re-assortment of novel haemagglutinins into seasonal human influenza A viruses during rare events of double infection with seasonal and zoonotic strains. H5, from avian H5N1 influenza, has been the major cause for concern in recent years. However, the 2009 H1N1 zoonotic event demonstrates that even serotypes already encountered in past human pandemics may constitute new pandemic threats. The protein sequence divergence of the 2009 zoonotic H1 from human seasonal influenza H1 is around 20-24%. A similar level of divergence is found between the 2009 H1 and European swine flu. By contrast, its divergence from North American swine flu strains is around 1-9%. Given that the divergence between H1 and its nearest serotype neighbour H2 is around 40-46%, the 2009 H1 may be broadly considered as halfway towards a new serotype. The current situation is one of antigenic pseudo-shift.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Although global death toll estimates vary [between 1.5 million (Gatherer, 2009) and 2–4 million (Michaelis et al., 2009)]”
From Secondary bacterial infections associated with influenza pandemics (2017) · cites this paper as Gatherer, 2009
Citations
Cites
MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) Software Version 4.0
Tamura, K., Dudley, J. T., Nei, M., & Kumar, S. (2007) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msm092 · Cited by 28,734
Emergence of a Novel Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus in Humans
Novel Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Investigation Team (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0903810 · Cited by 3,063
Evolutionary divergence and convergence in proteins.
ZUCKERKANDL, E., & PAULING, L. (1965) · Evolving Genes and Proteins · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-2734-4.50017-6 · Cited by 3,020
Pandemic Potential of a Strain of Influenza A (H1N1): Early Findings
Fraser, C., Donnelly, C. A., Cauchemez, S., Hanage, W. P., Kerkhove, M. D. V., Hollingsworth, T. D., Griffin, J. T., Baggaley, R. F., Jenkins, H. E., Lyons, E., et al. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1176062 · Cited by 1,915
Bryson, V., & Vogel, H. J. (1965) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.147.3653.68 · Cited by 1,343
(1965) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-11981-2 · Cited by 747
Potter, C. W. (2001) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01492.x · Cited by 584
The evolution of human influenza viruses
Hay, A. J., Gregory, V., Douglas, A., & Lin, Y. P. (2001) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0999 · Cited by 493
Wolf, Y. I., Viboud, C. G., Holmes, E. C., Koonin, E. V., & Lipman, D. J. (2006) · Biology Direct · doi:10.1186/1745-6150-1-34 · Cited by 209
Suzuki, Y. (2008) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2008.09.012 · Cited by 37
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 230
B Cells and Functional Antibody Responses to Combat Influenza
Lofano, G., Kumar, A., Finco, O., Giudice, G. D., & Bertholet, S. (2015) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00336 · Cited by 11
“The virus can also undergo major antigenic changes in his hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), referred to as antigenic shift, which consists of an ample reassortment of viral gene segments between different viruses of human or zoonotic origin, leading to the emergence of totally new and potentially dangerous vi…”
BackgroundSimulation of mitigation strategies for a pandemic influenza
Paleshi, A., Evans, G. W., Heragu, S. S., & Moghaddam, K. S. (2011) · Winter Simulation Conference · doi:10.1109/wsc.2011.6147855 · Cited by 10
“The amount of damage caused by the influenza virus made it the most dangerous pandemic disease threat to human kind (Gatherer 2009).”
InfluentialZawadzki, M., & Montibeller, G. (2022) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/risa.14014 · Cited by 9
“…situations are realistic: the Ebola virus outbreak in west Africa (2014) infected an estimated 26,800 individuals and claimed more than 11,000 lives (Zinszer et al., 2015); the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus has been the cause for a high concern in health environment in recent years (Gatherer, 2009).”
BackgroundXu, M. L., Kim, H. J., Chang, D. Y., & Kim, H.-J. (2013) · The Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s12275-013-2683-y · Cited by 9
“Influenza is a single-stranded RNA orthomyxovirus, subdivided into influenza A, B and C (Gatherer, 2009).”
BackgroundEl‐Shesheny, R., Mostafa, A., Kandeil, A., Mahmoud, S. H., Bagato, O., Naguib, A. M., Refaey, S., Webby, R. J., Ali, M. A., & Kayali, G. (2016) · Archives of Virology · doi:10.1007/s00705-016-3137-8 · Cited by 9
Poelvoorde, L. A. E. V., Vanneste, K., Keersmaecker, S. C. J. D., Thomas, I., Goethem, N. V., Gucht, S. V., Saelens, X., & Roosens, N. H. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.809887 · Cited by 9
“Influenza A virus displays the highest diversity of all influenza viruses and remains a major public health threat in developed as well as in developing countries (Gatherer, 2009).”
BackgroundH1N1 influenza – pandemic, 2009
Osztovits, J., Balázs, C., & Fehér, J. (2009) · Orvosi Hetilap · doi:10.1556/oh.2009.28766 · Cited by 9
The Intracellular Signalling that Associated with Influenza A Virus Infection
Khalil, H. (2017) · Pediatric Infectious Diseases Open Access · doi:10.21767/2573-0282.100038 · Cited by 9
Statement on Food safety considerations of novel H1N1 influenza virus infections in humans
(BIOHAZ), E. P. O. B. H. (2010) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1629 · Cited by 9
Song, Y., Zhang, X., Ji, J., Li, L., Zhou, Y., Ren, G., Lv, S., Zhang, X., Yan, Y., & Zhu, G. (2025) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-025-11257-y · Cited by 8
“In 2009, the influenza A(H1N1) virus emerged in North America and triggered a global influenza pandemic, ultimately resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths [4, 6, 7].”
Wilson, J., Miller, S. L., & Mukherjee, D. (2021) · International journal of computational fluid dynamics · doi:10.1080/10618562.2021.1991328 · Cited by 10
“In addition to Covid-19, recent decades have also seen several other infection outbreaks of concern, such as SARS,MERS andH1N1 influenza (Gatherer 2009; Oboho et al. 2015; Cho et al. 2016).”
BackgroundBehera, D. K., Behera, P. M., Acharya, L., Dixit, A., & Padhi, P. (2012) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2012/714623 · Cited by 8
Kwon, A., Kim, J., Kim, H.-S., Song, W., Park, J., Cho, H. C., & Lee, K. M. (2010) · Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.5145/kjcm.2010.13.3.109 · Cited by 8
“A형 인플루엔자 바이러스는 HA와 NA의 아미노산 구조에 지속적인 점돌연변이 즉, 소변이 (antigenic drift)가 일어나 매우 높은 유전적 다양성을 보이는 특징이 있다[3,5].”
Albiñana, C. B., Machara, A., Řezáčová, P., Pachl, P., Konvalinka, J., & Kožíšek, M. (2016) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.016 · Cited by 8
Anti‐consumption of public services: vacci(not)ion for Swine Flu
Kaplan, M. D., & Kaplan, Y. C. (2011) · Management Research Review · doi:10.1108/01409171111116358 · Cited by 8
“strain of Influenza A virus, was considered as the most important pandemic disease threat to world's population by 2009-2010, with a fast inter-personal transmission ( Gatherer, 2009”
BackgroundMayet, A., de Santi, V. P., Manet, G., Nivoix, P., Ligier, C., Faure, N., Haus-Cheymol, R., Piarroux, M., Dia, A., Duron, S., et al. (2010) · Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses · doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2010.02.001 · Cited by 8
A simulation-based optimization approach for mitigation of pandemic influenza
Paleshi, A., Bae, K.-H. G., Evans, G. W., & Heragu, S. S. (2017) · IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering · doi:10.1080/24725579.2017.1302525 · Cited by 8
“Among various types of influenza viruses that are commonly infectious and widely spread among people, Influenza A can potentially infect 30% of the world population and kill as many as 135 million people within months (Gatherer, 2009).”
BackgroundEarly experience with influenza A H1N109 in an Australian intensive care unit
Leen, T., Williams, T. A., Campbell, L., Chamberlain, J., Gould, A., McEntaggart, G., & Leslie, G. D. (2010) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2010.05.005 · Cited by 8
“The 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus was genetically apped as an avian strain that crossed from the host carrier igs into humans (Gatherer, 2009).”
BackgroundINFLUENZA A VIRUS STIMULATES AUTOPHAGY TO UNDERMINE HOST CELL IFN- PRODUCTION
Khalil, H. (2012) · Cited by 8
A Survey on Laboratory Biosafety Status of Public Healthcare Centers in Korea
Lee, K., Nam, H.-Y., Shin, S., Choi, M., Choi, Y., Kwon, S.-H., Park, K., & Jang, W. (2013) · Journal of Bacteriology and Virology · doi:10.4167/jbv.2013.43.3.217 · Cited by 7
Gache, K., Mayet, A., Manet, G., Ligier, C., Piarroux, M., Faure, N., Trichereau, J., Verret, C., Decam, C., Chaudet, H., et al. (2012) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/cks111 · Cited by 7
Sarmah, K., Borkakoty, B., Sarma, K., Hazarika, R., Das, P. K., Jakharia, A., Das, M., & Biswas, D. (2018) · 3 Biotech · doi:10.1007/s13205-018-1427-4 · Cited by 7
“2017) and remains a major public health problem in the developing as well as developed countries (Gatherer 2009).”
BackgroundYu, N., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Chaos Solitons & Fractals · doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2024.115673 · Cited by 6
Bery, D. E., El-Masry, S. A., Guirgis, A. A., Zain, A. M., & Khalil, H. (2025) · International Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s10123-025-00655-6 · Cited by 6
“As a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family, type A influenza has a single-stranded negative RNA genome divided into eight segments, which code for eleven distinct proteins (Gatherer 2009).”
Manifestações da infecção pelo novo vírus influenza A (H1N1) na tomografia computadorizada de tórax
Verrastro, C. G. Y., de Abreu, L. C., Hitomi, D. Z., Antonio, E. P., Neves, R. A., & D’Ippolito, G. (2009) · Radiologia Brasileira · doi:10.1590/s0100-39842009000600005 · Cited by 6
Schein, R., Bruls, S., Busch, V., Wilson, K. R., Hershfield, L., & Keelan, J. E. (2012) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2011.626503 · Cited by 6
“Although H1N1 came to stand for scientific objectivity and accuracy in light of the highly contested meanings associated with swine flu and Mexican flu, in the spring of 2009, it was not clear how the virus’s serotype might drift in the coming months (Gatherer, 2009).”
BackgroundJb, P., Mayet, A., Bédubourg, G., Duron, S., Michel, R., Deparis, X., Rapp, C., Godart, P., Migliani, R., & Meynard, J.-B. (2014) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-13-00261 · Cited by 6
Gupta, S. K., Kaur, R., Sohal, J. S., Singh, S. V., Das, K., Sharma, M. K., Singh, J., Sharma, S., & Dhama, K. (2024) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103037 · Cited by 5
Mukherjee, D., & Wadhwa, G. (2022) · Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.cma.2022.115485 · Cited by 5
Pushan, S. S., Samantaray, M., Rajagopalan, M., & Ramaswamy, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2023.1111869 · Cited by 5
“It not only affects individuals but also causes significant economic losses due to several factors including workplace absenteeism and costs of the treatment (Simonsen, 1999; Gatherer, 2009).”
BackgroundA New Method of Differentiation Between a Biological Attack and Other Epidemics
Radosavljević, V. (2012) · NATO science for peace and security series. A, Chemistry and biology · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5273-3_3 · Cited by 5
Malinoski, C. P., & Marcus, P. I. (2012) · Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research · doi:10.1089/jir.2012.0075 · Cited by 5
“I nfluenza A viruses (IAV) are major worldwide contributors to morbidity and mortality in human, animal, and avian populations (Gatherer 2009).”
Güldemir, D., Coşkun-Ari, F. F., Altaş, A. B., Bakkaloğlu, Z., Ünaldı, Ö., Bayraktar, F., Korukluoğlu, G., Aktas, A. R., & Durmaz, R. (2019) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.25565 · Cited by 5
[The role of nephrology in the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic update].
Vallejos, A. (2009) · PubMed · doi:10.3265/nefrologia.2009.29.6.5666.en.full · Cited by 5
Molecular character of influenza A/H1N1 2009: Implications for spread and control
Aras, S., Aiyar, A. A., Amedee, A. M., & Gallaher, W. R. (2009) · Indian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s12088-009-0060-7 · Cited by 5
“However, 6.1% is a signifi cant degree of evolution in swine infl uenza, that can be seen in the many phylogenetic trees of H1N1 2009 represented as a quite long branch, indicating an extended period of unsampled ancestry [ 4 , 23, 24].”
BackgroundInfluentialReassortment of Ancient Neuraminidase and Recent Hemagglutinin in Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus
Bhoumik, P., & Hughes, A. L. (2010) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1611.100361 · Cited by 5
“Influenza A is endemic in wild waterfowl, from which new strains periodically emerge to infect mammals, including humans and domestic pigs (2).”
The epidemiology of influenza viruses in humans
Fraaij, P. L. A., & Osterhaus, A. D. M. E. (2010) · Hot Topics in Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.4147/htr-091307 · Cited by 4
Tashakori, E., & Sobhanifard, Y. (2026) · Journal of Global Information Technology Management · doi:10.1080/1097198x.2025.2604990 · Cited by 4
“Historical patterns, such as the Spanish flu in 1918 (Aassve et al., 2021; Gavrilova & Gavrilov, 2020) and the H1N1 outbreak in 2009 (Gatherer, 2009; Gutiérrez et al., 2022), demonstrate that pandemics are not rare anomalies but rather recurrent events influenced by various factors (D’Adamo et al.,…”
Vitamin derivatives as potential drugs for Influenza Hemagglutinin
Agrawal, A., Chanana, P., Yadav, V., Bhutani, V., Subbarao, N., & Srivastava, A. (2023) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2022.2163698 · Cited by 3
“As in the rare cases of double infections, an infection of the same individual with two or more different strains of the virus at the same time may lead to re-assortment of the genome, giving rise to the possibilities of a different genome and hence also a different viral structure (Gatherer, 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialImpact of awareness and time-delayed saturated treatment on the transmission of infectious diseases
Pandey, A., Bhadauria, A. S., & Verma, V. S. (2024) · Results in Control and Optimization · doi:10.1016/j.rico.2024.100463 · Cited by 3
Bacterial Aerosol Inactivation by DBD Plasma: Mechanisms, Kinetic Model, and Disinfection Dose
Zhang, L., Zhang, X., Zhou, Q., Kaiyue, W., Luo, H., Guo, Y., Tie, J., & Fu, Y. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science · doi:10.1109/tps.2025.3538882 · Cited by 3
Influenza Pandemic: A Perspective
Seynaeve, G. (2009) · Prehospital and Disaster Medicine · doi:10.1017/s1049023x00007378 · Cited by 3
On the origin of influenza A hemagglutinin
Gatherer, D. (2009) · Indian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s12088-009-0062-5 · Cited by 3
Rapid diagnosis of swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV): useful or hype?
Lippi, G., & Plebani, M. (2009) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm.2010.021 · Cited by 3
Epidemiological update on swine influenza (H1N1) in pigs
Dubey, S. C., Venkatesh, G., & Kulkarni, D. D. (2009) · Indian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s12088-009-0058-1 · Cited by 3
“– Derek Gatherer, 2009 (1)”
Molecular Docking Study of Naturally-derived Neuraminidase Inhibitors Isolated from Phellinus Baumii
Babu, S. (2015) · Journal of the Chosun Natural Science · doi:10.13160/ricns.2015.8.3.209 · Cited by 2
“There are 16 different HA antigens (H1-H16) and 9 different NA antigens (N1-N9) for Influenza A virus([1,2]).”
Shajahan, A., Cai, C. X., Wolff, J. J., Yang, R. S., Ivleva, V. B., Gowetski, D. B., Gall, J. G. D., & Lei, Q. P. (2023) · Analytical Methods · doi:10.1039/d2ay01890j · Cited by 2
Holtz, C. J., & Fitchett, J. M. (2024) · South African Geographical Journal · doi:10.1080/03736245.2024.2381004 · Cited by 2
“The next distinct peak occurs in the late 1950s which corresponds to the 1957–1958 Hong Kong or Asian Influenza pandemic (Figure 5; Gatherer, 2009).”
Peñarrubia, L., Reister, S., Jiménez-Guzmán, S., Porco, R., Congost-Teixidor, C., Pueyo, G., Camprubí-Font, C., Vara, K., Cardenosa-Rubio, M. C., Garcia, M. C., et al. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40645 · Cited by 2
Quantifying the waning effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions with case study in COVID-19
Cao, H., Cao, L., & Jin, S. (2025) · International Journal of Data Science and Analytics · doi:10.1007/s41060-025-00748-5 · Cited by 2
Крушельницька, Т. А., Matveieva, O., & Наумов, В. М. (2020) · Efficiency of public administration · doi:10.33990/2070-4011.63.2020.212679 · Cited by 2
Iványi, Z. D., Valkó, L., Hauser, B., Kristóf, K., Hargitai, Z., Lorx, A., Madách, K., & Gál, J. (2010) · Interventional Medicine and Applied Science · doi:10.1556/imas.2.2010.2.3 · Cited by 2
Análisis comparado de la dinámica epidemiológica de la Influenza A (H1N1) en Chile
Canals, M. (2010) · Revista médica de Chile · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872010000900016 · Cited by 2
Characterization of Viral Exposures in United States Occupational Environments
Croston, T. L. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61688-9_3 · Cited by 2
“2009; Gatherer 2009 ).”
BackgroundBordoloi, S., Prasad, R., Lakshmi, V., Chandramohanadas, R., Natarajan, K., & Sathi, S. N. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.12.02.569695 · Cited by 2
A Harmless Avian Vaccine Virus Could Be Developed into an Off-the-Shelf “Antibiotic” for VirusesPreprint
Bakács, T., & Chumakov, K. (2024) · Qeios · doi:10.32388/az4jzv.2 · Cited by 2
“In a few months, a pandemic flu strain could infect around 30% of the global population and could result in 200 million deaths during its first wave [3][7] .”
Jamal, Z., Haider, S. A., Humayun, F., Ali, Q., Hakim, R., Salman, M., & Umair, M. (2026) · Archives of Virology · doi:10.1007/s00705-026-06553-0 · Cited by 1
Pigs and pandemic influenza: Myths versus facts
Reeth, K. V., Poucke, S. V., & Vleeschauwer, A. R. D. (2009) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · Cited by 1
Influenzavirus A/H1N1/2009 – ein Überblick vom Ausbruch bis zur Vakzination
Schnitzler, P. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17158-1_6 · Cited by 1
2009H1N1 Influenza in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Patients
Moss, R. B. (2012) · Infectious Diseases Research and Treatment · doi:10.4137/idrt.s9226 · Cited by 1
Parcevaux, M., Boisson, V., Lemant, J., Antok, E., Thibault, L., Garcia, C., Bugnon, O., Tixier, F., Belin, N., André, H., et al. (2010) · Annales Françaises d Anesthésie et de Réanimation · doi:10.1016/j.annfar.2010.09.012 · Cited by 1
Pensaert, M. B., & Reeth, K. V. (2010) · EFSA Supporting Publications · doi:10.2903/sp.efsa.2010.en-55 · Cited by 1
Laboratory Biosafety Status of Researchers in Korea
Kim, D. S., & Kim, M. K. (2018) · Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science · doi:10.15324/kjcls.2018.50.1.71 · Cited by 1
“최근, 세계 여러 나라에서는 조류 인플루엔자[1] 및 신종 인플 루엔자[2,3], 사스(중증급성호흡기질환)[4,5], 말라리아[6] 등”
Mirza, A., & Rathore, M. H. (2011) · Advances in Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.yapd.2011.03.006 · Cited by 1
Swine Influenza Virus Antibodies in Humans, Western Europe, 2009
Gerloff, N. A., Kremer, J. R., Charpentier, É., Sausy, A., Olinger, C. M., Weicherding, P., Schuh, J., Reeth, K. V., & Muller, C. P. (2011) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1703.100581 · Cited by 1
Tret’yakova, E. V., Hua, L., Smirnova, A. A., Kazakova, O. B., Zarubaev, V. V., Jin, H., Xu, H., & Xiao, S. (2024) · Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1002/ajoc.202400227 · Cited by 1
Influenza and the anaesthesiologist
Laake, J. H., & Flaatten, H. K. (2009) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.02167.x · Cited by 1
“The elderly, in this context those more than 60 years old, seem to have developed immunity against common viral epitopes from prior epidemics and are only infrequently infected.(16) Second, intensive care physicians from the Antipodes to Scandinavia report that some patients”
BackgroundWhat We Learned from the 2019 Influenza Crisis
Jafari, M., Zeinali, F., & Najar, F. M. (2020) · Journal of Disaster and Emergency Research · doi:10.18502/jder.4068 · Cited by 1
Community-acquired Respiratory Virus Cases Mimic COVID-19 on Lung Computed Tomography
Nabeya, D., Kinjo, T., Maeda, A., Nagano, H., Yokoyama, S., Takakura, S., Shiiki, S., Fujita, J., & Kishaba, T. (2021) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.7687-21 · Cited by 1
“Indeed, CRV is a major pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) (1), and in particular, infection with influenza virus often causes pneumonia (2, 3).”
BackgroundХубаев, Г. Н. (2024) · International Conference Process Management and Scientific Developments · doi:10.34660/inf.2019.1.40958 · Cited by 1
Jafarova, R. A., Magerramova, N., & Khanum, A. K. (2024) · International Conference Process Management and Scientific Developments · doi:10.34660/inf.2019.1.40972 · Cited by 1
Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of Influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 Virus in Kenya
Maina, G. G. (2014) · Cited by 1
Assessing the feasibility of swine influenza surveillance in Manitoba
Pasma, T. (2011) · Mspace (University of Manitoba) · Cited by 1
VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLE VACCINE MANUFACTURING FROM YEAST
Ananya, A. (2020) · doi:10.37099/mtu.dc.etdr/1065 · Cited by 1
Malinoski, C. P. (2013) · OpenCommons at University of Connecticut (University of Connecticut)
Hashim, A. B. (2014) · Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)
The 2009 H1N1 influenza A "swine flu" virus presentation in Virginia 2009
Smith, T. (2009) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.25772/vs1n-3y61
The Pandemic Threat - Descriptive Textual Analysis of West's Preparedness on Pandemic Influenza
Olin, E. (2010) · Lund University Publications Student Papers (Lund University)
Grippe : vaccination, prophylaxie et traitement par les antiviraux
Lagathu, G., & Colimon, R. (2010) · MT. Médecine thérapeutique · doi:10.1684/met.2010.0288
“pandémie causée par un nouveau variant A(H1N1) 2009 a changé la donne [3].”
BackgroundDevelopment of CTL-based liposomal vaccines
Uchida, T. (2010) · Drug Delivery System · doi:10.2745/dds.25.29
Simulation-based optimization of mitigation strategies for pandemic influenza.
Paleshi, A. (2015) · doi:10.18297/etd/2066
“As a comparison, HIV-1 killed only one fourth of this number of people in the last 30 years (Gatherer, 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialPangesti, K. N. A., Grubman, M. J., & Garmendia, A. E. (2014) · Virology Discovery · doi:10.7243/2052-6202-2-3
“However, the most recent influenza pandemic was not caused by the HPAI (H5N1), but by a new influenza strain known as A/H1N1-SOIV (swine-origin influenza virus) which emerged in Mexico in 2009 [4,5].”
BackgroundAvaliação da efetividade do Oseltamivir no tratamento da nova Influenza A (H1N1)
Lenzi, L. (2011) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Covering the Two Amigos: Neo-colonial representations of Canada and Mexico in their national press
Capurro, G. (2011) · Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University)
Janeczko, S. D., Holmes, E. C., Jessica, C. R., Hayward, J. A., Dubovi, E. J., & Scarlett, J. M. (2014)
Omelihu, M. N. (2009) · NRCT Data Center · doi:10.14457/cu.the.2009.1884
[Influenza A (H1N1)--a new communicable disease].
Xu, X., & Zheng, Y. (2009) · PubMed
Sadanand, B. A., Kanhaiya, K., & Poddar, R. (2011) · International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences
Policy Formulation for Disaster Management to Hazard Exposure in the Workplace
Lu, J. L. (2002) · Prehospital and Disaster Medicine · doi:10.1017/s1049023x00010463
Charania, N. A. M. A. (2011) · UWSpace (University of Waterloo)
Charania, N. A. (2014) · UWSpace (University of Waterloo)
Su, T. T. C. (2014) · doi:10.32657/10356/62097
“Sequence analyses showed that the HA sequence of the pandemic 2009-H1N1 underwent an antigenic shift (Gatherer 2009) that altered its antigenicity in context of the seasonal flu vaccine.”
BackgroundGenetic Analysis of vancomycin-resistant gram-positive cocci isolated from wild songbirds
Ishihara, S. (2010) · doi:10.58809/ztgj4947
“In that case, the birds were also acting as media 24 animals, which facilitated the alteration of the viral antigens, causing antigenic shift, and creating more virulent viruses (Gatherer, 2009 and Patel et al, 2010).”
BackgroundAlbelo, A. N., Tallet, L. A. V., Rosaínz, M. D. J. A., & Menéndez, A. X. C. (2010) · Revista cubana de pediatría
Atmospheric Pressure Non-Thermal Plasma: A Tool for Inactivating Airborne Pathogens
Schiappacasse, C. (2019) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota)
Data Analytics Epidemic Modelling and Human Dynamics Approaches for Pandemic Outbreak
Trovati, M. (2021) · Advances in data mining and database management book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-6736-4.ch003
Metadata
- Authors
- Gatherer, D.
- Affiliations
- MRC University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Gatherer, Derek
- ORCID
- Gatherer, Derek
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Virology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-07
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 174-178
- ISSN
- 1386-6532 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2046803831
- Cited by
- 227
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 20.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Virology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
- Keywords
- 2009 H1N1 influenza, pandemic influenza, zoonotic influenza, antigenic shift, antigenic drift, hemagglutinin, swine influenza, H5N1, pandemic surveillance, protein divergence
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Influenza, Human, Swine, Reassortant Viruses, Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
