The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
What causes firms to hide output? The determinants of informality
Open accessAbstract
Abstract In many developing countries, a significant part of economic activity takes place in the informal sector. Earlier work has examined the determinants of the size of the informal sector, focusing separately on factors such as tax and regulation burden, financial market development, and the quality of the legal system. We revisit this issue by using an integrated data set which contains information on all these aspects. Building on a simple analytical framework, we test the channels affecting the degree of informality. We find that the quality of the legal framework is crucially important in determining the size of the informal sector, whereas the significance of taxes, regulations, and financial constraints is reduced in the context of a well functioning legal system, consistent with the presented model. Additionally, firm size is negatively correlated with the propensity to go informal; finance constraints tend to induce informality among smaller firms but not among large firms, whereas legal obstacles induce informality among larger firms.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
La Porta, R., Lopez‐de‐Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1998) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/250042 · Cited by 18,025
Legal Determinants of External Finance
LA PORTA, R., LOPEZ‐DE‐SILANES, F., SHLEIFER, A., & VISHNY, R. W. (1997) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb02727.x · Cited by 9,783
Income tax evasion: a theoretical analysis
Allingham, M. G., & Sandmo, A. (1972) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/0047-2727(72)90010-2 · Cited by 4,970
Djankov, S., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2002) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355302753399436 · Cited by 3,956 · cited 1×
“Djankov, S., R. La Porta, F. Lopez-de-Silanes, and A. Shleifer, 2002, “The Regulation of Entry,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 117, pp. 1–37.”
Glaeser, E. L., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2004) · Journal of Economic Growth · doi:10.1023/b:joeg.0000038933.16398.ed · Cited by 3,926
On the Size Distribution of Business Firms
Lucas, R. E. (1978) · The Bell Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/3003596 · Cited by 3,236
Shadow Economies: Size, Causes, and Consequences
Schneider, F., & Enste, D. H. (2000) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/jel.38.1.77 · Cited by 3,024
Acemoglu, D., & Johnson, S. (2005) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/432166 · Cited by 2,385
Botero, J. C., Djankov, S., Porta, R. L., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2004) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/0033553042476215 · Cited by 2,124
Legal Determinants of External Finance
Porta, R. L., Lopez-De-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1997) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.2307/2329518 · Cited by 2,031
Cited by
How Does Financial Sector Development Improve Tax Revenue Mobilization for Developing Countries?
Lompo, A. A. B. (2024) · Comparative Economic Studies · doi:10.1057/s41294-023-00207-9 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Dabla-Norris, E., Gradstein, M., & Inchauste, G.
- Venue
- Journal of Development Economics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-02
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 1-27
- ISSN
- 0304-3878 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3125115975
- Cited by
- 429
- References
- 25
- FWCI
- 21.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: What causes firms to hide output? The determinants of informality. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.05.007
- The paper
- Dabla-Norris, E., Gradstein, M., & Inchauste, G. (2008). What causes firms to hide output? The determinants of informality. Journal of Development Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.05.007
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.