The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Emissions trading systems with cap adjustments
Open accessAbstract
Emissions Trading Systems (ETSs) with fixed caps lack provisions to address systematic imbalances in the supply and demand of permits due to changes in the state of the regulated economy. We propose a mechanism which adjusts the allocation of permits based on the current bank of permits. The mechanism spans the spectrum between a pure quantity instrument and a pure price instrument. We solve the firms׳ emissions control problem and obtain an explicit dependency between the key policy stringency parameter—the adjustment rate—and the firms׳ abatement and trading strategies. We present an analytical tool for selecting the optimal adjustment rate under both risk-neutrality and risk-aversion, which provides an analytical basis for the regulator׳s choice of a responsive ETS policy.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Weitzman, M. L. (1974) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.2307/2296698 · Cited by 2,071
Optimal Taxes on Fossil Fuel in General Equilibrium
Golosov, M., Hassler, J., Krusell, P., & Tsyvinski, A. (2011) · Econometrica · doi:10.3982/ecta10217 · Cited by 996
Effluent charges and licenses under uncertainty
Roberts, M. J., & Spence, M. (1976) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/0047-2727(76)90014-1 · Cited by 759
Combining price and quantity controls to mitigate global climate change
Pizer, W. A. (2002) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/s0047-2727(01)00118-9 · Cited by 681
A Model of Intertemporal Emission Trading, Banking, and Borrowing
Rubin, J. (1996) · Journal of Environmental Economics and Management · doi:10.1006/jeem.1996.0044 · Cited by 504
Heutel, G. (2011) · Review of Economic Dynamics · doi:10.1016/j.red.2011.05.002 · Cited by 467
Regulation by Prices, Quantities, or Both: A Review of Instrument Choice
Hepburn, C. J. (2006) · Oxford Review of Economic Policy · doi:10.1093/oxrep/grj014 · Cited by 405
Schennach, S. M. (2000) · Journal of Environmental Economics and Management · doi:10.1006/jeem.1999.1122 · Cited by 281
Soft and hard price collars in a cap-and-trade system: A comparative analysis
Fell, H. G., Burtraw, D., Morgenstern, R. D., & Palmer, K. L. (2011) · Journal of Environmental Economics and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2011.11.004 · Cited by 112
Optimal intensity targets for greenhouse gas emissions trading under uncertainty
Jotzo, F., & Pezzey, J. C. V. (2007) · Environmental and Resource Economics · doi:10.1007/s10640-006-9078-z · Cited by 108
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Grosjean, 2014, After monetary policy, climate policy, Clim. Policy, 1, 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Procrastinating reform: The impact of the market stability reserve on the EU ETS
Perino, G., & Willner, M. (2016) · Journal of Environmental Economics and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2016.09.006 · Cited by 128
The long-term impact of the market stability reserve on the EU emission trading system
Bruninx, K., Ovaere, M., & Delarue, E. (2020) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104746 · Cited by 96
Dai, X., Xiao, L., Wang, Q., & Dhesi, G. (2021) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112428 · Cited by 96
Anke, C.-P., Hobbie, H., Misconel, S., & Möst, D. (2020) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111647 · Cited by 86
EU-ETS Phase IV: allowance prices, design choices and the market stability reserve
Perino, G., & Willner, M. (2017) · Climate Policy · doi:10.1080/14693062.2017.1360173 · Cited by 84
Fuss, S., Flachsland, C., Koch, N., Kornek, U., Knopf, B., & Edenhofer, O. (2018) · Review of Environmental Economics and Policy · doi:10.1093/reep/rey010 · Cited by 80
Perino, G., Ritz, R., & van Benthem, A. (2019) · doi:10.3386/w25643 · Cited by 58
The Market Stability Reserve in the EU Emissions Trading System: A Critical Review
Borghesi, S., Pahle, M., Perino, G., Quemin, S., & Willner, M. (2023) · Annual Review of Resource Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev-resource-111820-030145 · Cited by 54
Disentangling the drivers of carbon prices in China's ETS pilots — An EEMD approach
Xu, J. W., Tan, X., He, G., & Liu, Y. (2018) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2018.11.009 · Cited by 55
The economics of the EU ETS market stability reserve
Hepburn, C. J., Neuhoff, K., Acworth, W. W., Burtraw, D., & Jotzo, F. (2016) · Journal of Environmental Economics and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2016.09.010 · Cited by 52
Prices versus Quantities with Policy Updating
Pizer, W. A., & Prest, B. (2019) · Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists · doi:10.1086/707142 · Cited by 52
Belated stock returns for green innovation under carbon emissions trading market
Chen, F., Chen, Z., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Journal of Corporate Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2024.102558 · Cited by 51
Emissions trading with rolling horizons
Quemin, S., & Trotignon, R. (2021) · Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control · doi:10.1016/j.jedc.2021.104099 · Cited by 50
Kollenberg, S., & Taschini, L. (2019) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2019.05.013 · Cited by 48
Self-citationThe environmental-financial performance nexus of EU ETS firms: A quantile regression approach
Flori, A., Borghesi, S., & Marin, G. (2024) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2024.107328 · Cited by 47
The emerging endgame: The EU ETS on the road towards climate neutrality
Pahle, M., Quemin, S., Osorio, S., Günther, C., & Pietzcker, R. (2025) · Resource and Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.reseneeco.2024.101476 · Cited by 44
Quantifying the effects of air pollution control policies: A case of Shanxi province in China
Wei, W., Li, P., Wang, H., & Song, M. (2017) · Atmospheric Pollution Research · doi:10.1016/j.apr.2017.11.010 · Cited by 38
EU ETS emissions under the cancellation mechanism - Effects of national measures
Carlén, B., Dahlqvist, A., Mandell, S., & Marklund, P. (2019) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2019.02.060 · Cited by 36
Endogenizing the Cap in a Cap-and-Trade System: Assessing the Agreement on EU ETS Phase 4
Beck, U., & Kruse-Andersen, P. K. (2020) · Environmental and Resource Economics · doi:10.1007/s10640-020-00518-w · Cited by 36
EU ETS facets in the net: Structure and evolution of the EU ETS network
Borghesi, S., & Flori, A. (2018) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2018.08.026 · Cited by 37
Implications of a cap‐and‐trade system for emission reductions under an asymmetric duopoly
Chen, Z., & Nie, P. (2020) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.2562 · Cited by 32
Business cycles and emission trading with banking
Lintunen, J., & Kuusela, O.-P. (2017) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2017.10.015 · Cited by 31
Assessing the implementation of the Market Stability Reserve
Chaton, C., Creti, A., & Sanin, M.-E. (2018) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2018.03.027 · Cited by 31
Adaptation May Reduce Climate Damage in Agriculture by Two Thirds
Huang, K., & Sim, N. (2020) · Journal of Agricultural Economics · doi:10.1111/1477-9552.12389 · Cited by 29
Sun, J., & Dong, F. (2023) · Financial Innovation · doi:10.1186/s40854-022-00410-0 · Cited by 29
The Emerging Endgame: The EU ETS on the Road Towards Climate NeutralityPreprint
Pahle, M., Quemin, S., Osorio, S., Günther, C., & Pietzcker, R. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4373443 · Cited by 26
Carbon price signal failure and regulatory policies: A systematic review
Zhou, X., Xing, S., Jin, Y., Zhang, M. X., & Liu, Z. (2024) · Environmental Impact Assessment Review · doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2024.107444 · Cited by 30
Guo, J., Tan, X., Gu, B., & Qu, X. (2019) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.328 · Cited by 23
Profit Distribution Model for Construction Supply Chain with Cap-and-Trade Policy
Jiang, W., Lu, W., & Xu, Q. A. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11041215 · Cited by 21
Price stabilization mechanisms in China’s pilot emissions trading schemes: design and performance
Wang, B., Boute, A., & Tan, X. (2019) · Climate Policy · doi:10.1080/14693062.2019.1680338 · Cited by 20
Smart Grid Integration of Solar and Biomass Energy Sources
Avwioroko, A., Ibegbulam, C., Afriyie, I., & Fesomade, A. T. (2024) · European Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology · doi:10.37745/ejcsit.2013/vol12n3114 · Cited by 19
An intertemporal carbon emissions trading system with cap adjustment and path control
Jiang, M., Zhu, B., Wei, Y., Chevallier, J., & He, K. (2018) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2018.07.025 · Cited by 19
Perino, G., Ritz, R. A., & van Benthem, A. (2025) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1093/ej/ueaf021 · Cited by 20
The Evolution of Pollution Auctions
MacKenzie, I. A. (2022) · Review of Environmental Economics and Policy · doi:10.1086/717898 · Cited by 16
Mind your Ps and Qs! Variable allowance supply in the US Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
Friesen, L., Gangadharan, L., Khezr, P., & MacKenzie, I. A. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Economics and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2022.102620 · Cited by 16
Climate Change Through the Lens of Macroeconomic Modeling
Fernández‐Villaverde, J., Gillingham, K. T., & Scheidegger, S. (2025) · Annual Review of Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-091124-045357 · Cited by 19
Higher Price, Lower Costs? Minimum Prices in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme
Abrell, J., Rausch, S., & Yonezawa, H. (2016) · Scandinavian Journal of Economics · doi:10.1111/sjoe.12279 · Cited by 15
Pan, C., Shrestha, A. K., Wang, G., Innes, J. L., Wang, K. X., Li, N., Li, J., He, Y., Sheng, C., & Niles, J.-O. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13137459 · Cited by 16
A Cap-and-Trade Commitment Policy with Allowance Banking
Kuusela, O.-P., & Lintunen, J. (2019) · Environmental and Resource Economics · doi:10.1007/s10640-019-00395-y · Cited by 14
Overlapping Climate PoliciesPreprint
Perino, G., Ritz, R. A., & van Benthem, A. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3998973 · Cited by 15
Optimal dynamic regulation of carbon emissions market
Aïd, R., & Biagini, S. (2022) · Mathematical Finance · doi:10.1111/mafi.12364 · Cited by 13
Adjustable emissions caps and the price of pollution
Heijmans, R. J. R. K. (2023) · Journal of Environmental Economics and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2023.102793 · Cited by 13
Qi, X., & Han, Y. (2023) · Computers & Industrial Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.cie.2023.109739 · Cited by 13
Flexibility premium of emissions permits
Taschini, L. (2020) · Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control · doi:10.1016/j.jedc.2020.104013 · Cited by 13
Self-citationOverlapping efforts in the EU Emissions Trading System
Herweg, F. (2020) · Economics Letters · doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109323 · Cited by 11
Karp, L. S., & Traeger, C. P. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3798938 · Cited by 10
Institutional Change and Environment: Lessons from the European Emission Trading System
Fernández Fernández, Y., Fernández López, M., González Hernández, D., & Olmedillas Blanco, B. (2018) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en11040706 · Cited by 9
A general equilibrium approach to carbon permit banking
Dubois, L., Sahuc, J.-G., & Vermandel, G. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Economics and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2024.103076 · Cited by 9
Strand, J. (2019) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-8914 · Cited by 9
Coping with the liquidity crisis: a new dynamic quota readjustment scheme for carbon markets
Li, Y., Li, Z., Jiang, J., & Song, Y. (2022) · Environmental Geochemistry and Health · doi:10.1007/s10653-021-01199-0 · Cited by 8
Revenue and efficiency in pollution permit allocation mechanisms
Khezr, P., & MacKenzie, I. A. (2020) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2020.105033 · Cited by 8
Emission permits and the dynamics of clean and dirty firms in an evolutionary competition model
Antoci, A., Borghesi, S., Iannucci, G., & Russu, P. (2019) · Metroeconomica · doi:10.1111/meca.12252 · Cited by 8
Bankability and Information in Pollution Policy
Heutel, G. (2020) · Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists · doi:10.1086/708908 · Cited by 8
Flori, A., & Scotti, F. (2025) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2025.108542 · Cited by 7
Carbon mitigation effect of emission trading product: Perspective from intra-industry carbon leakage
Zhou, K., Guan, Z., & Lian, Y. (2024) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2024.107966 · Cited by 7
Can ETS pricing policies and clean subsidy policies lead to a cleaner power generation sector
Li, B., Chen, R., & Du, Y. (2025) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114736 · Cited by 7
A game-theoretic approach for pollution control initiatives
Tajbakhsh, A., & Hassini, E. (2022) · International Journal of Production Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2022.108651 · Cited by 7
Karp, L. S., & Traeger, C. P. (2024) · Journal of the European Economic Association · doi:10.1093/jeea/jvae030 · Cited by 7
Curbing price fluctuations in cap-and-trade auctions under changing demand expectations
Jeitschko, T. D., Kim, S. J., & Pal, P. (2024) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2024.107804 · Cited by 6
Endowment effects, expectations, and trading behavior in carbon cap and trade
Yoon, B., Filipski, M., Landry, C. E., & Yoo, S. J. (2024) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2024.107927 · Cited by 6
Inman, M., Mastrandrea, M. D., & Cullenward, D. (2020) · Climate Policy · doi:10.1080/14693062.2020.1760774 · Cited by 5
Structural Behavioral Models for Rights-Based Fisheries
Reimer, M., Abbott, J. K., & Haynie, A. C. (2020) · Resource and Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.reseneeco.2022.101294 · Cited by 5
Market Design for the Environment
Estelle Cantillon, Z., & Slechten, A. (2023) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w31987 · Cited by 5
Wang, Q., Cheng, C., & Zhou, D. (2020) · Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change · doi:10.1007/s11027-020-09928-z · Cited by 4
Friesen, L., Gangadharan, L., Khezr, P., & MacKenzie, I. A. (2020) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 4
Dynamic welfare implications of market-based climate policy under demand uncertainty
Gomez-Trejos, F. (2025) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107190 · Cited by 3
Stochastic carbon taxes and capital turnover: A real options model for decarbonization investment
Zambujal‐Oliveira, J., & Duque, J. (2026) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2026.109902 · Cited by 3
Green CoinsPreprint
Croce, M. M., Guinez, N., Méndez, A. I., Nguyen, T., & Tebaldi, C. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5139356 · Cited by 3
Ayisi, C. L., Osei, S. A., Henewaa, A., & Akolaa, R. A. (2026) · Aquaculture International · doi:10.1007/s10499-026-02551-w · Cited by 2
Effective Risk-limiting Carbon Emission Aware Economic Dispatch: An Algorithmic Perspective
Sun, J., Zhang, Y., & Wu, C. (2023) · ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems (e-Energy) · doi:10.1145/3575813.3576879 · Cited by 2
Willner, M. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3231927 · Cited by 2
Emissions Trading with Supply Adjustment Mechanisms and Market PowerPreprint
Brinker, T., Quemin, S., & Schoch, N. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5354164 · Cited by 2
Hu, Y., & Luo, A.-L. (2026) · Energy Strategy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.esr.2026.102200 · Cited by 3
From individual welfare to global equity: reforming International Environmental Agreements
Aprea, I. L., Donnini, C., & Sacco, A. (2026) · Journal of Global Optimization · doi:10.1007/s10898-026-01628-3 · Cited by 1
A price on warming with a supply chain directed market
Raffensperger, J. F. (2021) · Discover Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s43621-021-00011-4 · Cited by 1
The persistence of environmental and social strategies under emission permits
Iannucci, G., & Tampieri, A. (2024) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2024.107824 · Cited by 1
Carbon Neutrality and Net-Zero Regulation
Biagini, S. (2025) · SIAM Journal on Financial Mathematics · doi:10.1137/24m1701149 · Cited by 1
Fan, Q., Liu, J., & Wang, J. (2022) · China Finance and Economic Review · doi:10.1515/cfer-2022-0023 · Cited by 1
Optimal dynamic regulation of carbon emissions market: A variational approachPreprint
Aïd, R., & Biagini, S. (2021) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 1
Time Horizons and Emissions TradingPreprint
Heijmans, R. J. R. K., & Engström, M. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4280682 · Cited by 1
Rosemann, R., & Saß, J. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4626942 · Cited by 1
Time Horizons and Emissions TradingPreprint
Heijmans, R. J. R. K., & Engström, M. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4703701 · Cited by 1
Climate Change Through the Lens of Macroeconomic ModelingPreprint
Fernández‐Villaverde, J., Gillingham, K. T., & Scheidegger, S. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4991894 · Cited by 2
Short-lived Gases, Carbon Markets, and Climate Risk MitigationPreprint
Biagini, S., Biffis, E., & Nobari, K. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4997380 · Cited by 1
The structural determinants of carbon prices in the EU-ETS
Faure, A. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/324dce7fz4a2fz46c6z9b3bzd9907afb4aeb · Cited by 1
REACTIONS TO MARKET FAILURE AND APPROACHES TO REDUCE MARKET FAILURE
Cheng, Y. (2017) · UNM’s Digital Repository (University of New Mexico)
Optimal dynamic regulation of carbon emissions market: A variational approachPreprint
Aïd, R., & Biagini, S. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3792384
Reducing the Cost of Delay: On the Interaction of Cap-and-Trade and Subsidies for Clean EnergyPreprint
Tietjen, O. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3580673
Heutel, G. (2018) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w25235
Postponing Auctioning Versus Cancellation of Allowances in the EU EtsPreprint
Mauer, E.-M., Okullo, S. J., & Pahle, M. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4093621
An Investigation of Auctions in the Regional Greenhouse Gas InitiativePreprint
Khezr, P., & Pourkhanali, A. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4441634
An Investigation of Auctions in the Regional Greenhouse Gas InitiativePreprint
Khezr, P., & Pourkhanali, A. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4523291
An Investigation of Auctions in the Regional Greenhouse Gas InitiativePreprint
Khezr, P., & Pourkhanali, A. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4660894
Technology Adoption under Emissions Taxes and Permit Markets with Price Collars
Cason, T. N., Stranlund, J. K., & de Vries, F. P. (2024) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2026.105358
Dynamic efficiency of tradable license system with time-flexible quantities
Liang, F., Qi, H., Xu, C., & Wang, Y. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121593
Investigation of auctions in the Regional Greenhouse Gas InitiativePreprint
Khezr, P., & Pourkhanali, A. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4883842
Emission Impossible: Balancing Environmental Concerns and InflationPreprint
Biagini, S. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5118227
Emission impossible: Balancing Environmental Concerns and InflationPreprint
Aïd, R., Arduca, M., Biagini, S., & Taschini, L. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5112866 · Cited by 1
Self-citationKukah, A. S. K., Jin, X., Osei‐Kyei, R., & Perera, S. (2025) · Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction · doi:10.1061/jladah.ladr-1353
Trading volume-based regulation in cap-and-trade programmes: numeric analysis in South Korea
Yu, J., & Kim, J. (2025) · Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/00036846.2025.2504729
Metadata
- Authors
- Kollenberg, S., & Taschini, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Duisburg-Essen (DE)
- London School of Economics and Political Science (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Taschini, Luca
- ORCID
- Taschini, Luca
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Economics and Management
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 80
- Pages
- 20-36
- ISSN
- 0095-0696 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2911748944
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 16.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Environmental Economics and Management (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (submittedVersion)
- London School of Economics and Political Science Theses Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (308481)
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Universität Duisburg-Essen
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/K006576/1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Energy, Environment, Economic Growth
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Environmental Policies and Emissions
- Keywords
- emissions trading system, permit allocation, abatement strategies, risk aversion, regulatory stringency, carbon pricing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
