Cited by 26Stuttering Research and TreatmentVoice and Speech DisordersAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Utility of virtual reality environments to examine physiological reactivity and subjective distress in adults who stutter

Brundage, Shelley B., Brinton, James M., Hancock, Adrienne B.·2016·Journal of Fluency Disorders

Abstract

Purpose Virtual reality environments (VREs) allow for immersion in speaking environments that mimic real-life interactions while maintaining researcher control. VREs have been used successfully to engender arousal in other disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of virtual reality environments to examine physiological reactivity and subjective ratings of distress in persons who stutter (PWS).Method Subjective and objective measures of arousal were collected from 10PWS during four-minute speeches to a virtual audience and to a virtual empty room.Results Stuttering frequency and physiological measures (skin conductance level and heart rate) did not differ across speaking conditions, but subjective ratings of distress were significantly higher in the virtual audience condition compared to the virtual empty room.Conclusion VREs have utility in elevating subjective ratings of distress in PWS. VREs have the potential to be useful tools for practicing treatment targets in a safe, controlled, and systematic manner.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.jfludis.2016.10.001

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  • Previous research has shown that cognitive and physiological components of anxiety are not always closely linked and do not always change together in a predictable manner.

    “Previous research, including studies with virtual audiences, has similarly shown that cognitive and physiological components of anxiety are not always closely linked and do not always change together in a predictable manner (Brundage et al., 2016; Girondini et al., 2023; Maron et al., 2016).”

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Authors
Brundage, S. B., Brinton, J. M., & Hancock, A. B.
Affiliations
George Washington University (US)
Corresponding author
Brundage, Shelley B.
Venue
Journal of Fluency Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-12
Volume
50
Pages
85-95
ISSN
0094-730X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2528372287
Cited by
26
References
54
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2017: 1
FWCI
2.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Fluency Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
University Facilitating Fund
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Stuttering Research and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Voice and Speech Disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
virtual reality, stuttering, physiological reactivity, subjective distress, skin conductance level, heart rate, speaking anxiety, virtual audience, speech fluency, arousal
MeSH terms
Adult, Arousal, Autonomic Nervous System, Heart Rate, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Speech, Stuttering, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

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