The DOI matches its Crossref record; 151 of the 153 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Environmental antimicrobial resistance and its drivers: a potential threat to public health
Open accessAbstract
Imprudent and overuse of clinically relevant antibiotics in agriculture, veterinary and medical sectors contribute to the global epidemic increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). There is a growing concern among researchers and stakeholders that the environment acts as an AMR reservoir and plays a key role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Various drivers are contributing factors to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their ARGs either directly through antimicrobial drug use in health care, agriculture/livestock and the environment or antibiotic residues released from various domestic settings. Resistant micro-organisms and their resistance genes enter the soil, air, water and sediments through various routes or hotspots such as hospital wastewater, agricultural waste or wastewater treatment plants. Global mitigation strategies primarily involve the identification of high-risk environments that are responsible for the evolution and spread of resistance. Subsequently, AMR transmission is affected by the standards of infection control, sanitation, access to clean water, access to assured quality antimicrobials and diagnostics, travel and migration. This review provides a brief description of AMR as a global concern and the possible contribution of different environmental drivers to the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria or ARGs through various mechanisms. We also aim to highlight the key knowledge gaps that hinder environmental regulators and mitigation strategies in delivering environmental protection against AMR.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, the continued overuse of antimicrobials, both in human health and in agriculture, produces an environment that selects for increasingly resistant bacteria.16”
From Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990–2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050 (2024) · cites this paper as [16]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance
Davies, J., & Davies, D. (2010) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.00016-10 · Cited by 5,784
Liu, Y.-Y., Wang, Y., Walsh, T., Yi, L.-X., Zhang, R., Spencer, J., Doi, Y., Tian, G.-B., Dong, B.-L., Huang, X.-H., et al. (2016) · Lancet. Infectious Diseases (Print) · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00424-7 · Cited by 4,920
The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats.
Ventola, C. L. (2015) · PubMed Central · Cited by 4,558
Antibiotic resistance-the need for global solutions
Laxminarayan, R., Duse, A., Wattal, C., Zaidi, A. K. M., Wertheim, H. F. L., Sumpradit, N., Vlieghe, E., Hara, G. L., Gould, I. M., Goossens, H., et al. (2013) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70318-9 · Cited by 4,439
Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals
Boeckel, T. V. V., Brower, C., Gilbert, M., Grenfell, B., Levin, S., Robinson, T., Teillant, A., & Laxminarayan, R. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.1503141112 · Cited by 3,637
Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance
Holmes, A. H., Moore, L. S. P., Sundsfjord, A., Steinbakk, M., Regmi, S., Karkey, A., Guerin, P. J., & Piddock, L. J. V. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00473-0 · Cited by 2,877
Metagenomics: Application of Genomics to Uncultured Microorganisms
Handelsman, J. (2004) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.68.4.669-685.2004 · Cited by 2,528
Food Animals and Antimicrobials: Impacts on Human Health
Marshall, B. M., & Levy, S. B. (2011) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00002-11 · Cited by 2,241
Co-selection of antibiotic and metal resistance
Baker‐Austin, C., Wright, M. S., Stepanauskas, R., & McArthur, J. V. (2006) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2006.02.006 · Cited by 1,897
Review of antibiotic resistance in China and its environment
Qiao, M., Ying, G., Singer, A. C., & Zhu, Y. (2017) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.10.016 · Cited by 1,502
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- 2012, Regulation (EU) No 528/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2012 concerning the making available on the market and use of biocidal products, Official Journal of the European Union
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–731 of 731
Combating antimicrobial resistance: Exploring new scaffolds and mechanistic insights
Jain, S. D., Prachand, S., & Gupta, A. K. D. (2026) · Letters in Drug Design & Discovery · doi:10.1016/j.lddd.2026.100520
Detection of Airborne Acinetobacter baumannii Carbapenem-Resistant Strains in Hospital Settings
Calia, C., Oliva, M., Portincasa, P., Barbieri, P., Chironna, M., de Gennaro, G., Scrascia, M., Ciaula, A. D., Angelo, M., & Pazzani, C. (2026) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph23101292
Li, Y., Chen, M., Shi, C., Zang, Q., Song, Y., Jin, W., Ma, Q., Ma, B., Tong, P., Su, Z., et al. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15171551
Gonzalez, M. J., Molina, F. M. R., Mayora, G., Gonzalez, S. M., López, M. S., Ghiglione, B., & Conza, J. D. (2026) · Environmental Geochemistry and Health · doi:10.1007/s10653-026-03453-9
Feng, R., Wang, S., Wu, J., Wang, T., Cao, Y., Feng, A., & Sun, S. (2026) · Future Microbiology · doi:10.1080/17460913.2026.2721915
Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in South Atlantic Cetaceans over a Decade of Surveillance
Valente, F. D. S., Andrioli, K. R. K., da Silva, M. A. C., & Barreto, A. S. (2026) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms14091915
Toasa, C. M. P., Mayorga, M. P. V., Llerena, J. S. C., Freire, S. S. V., & Pineda, K. M. E. (2026) · Salud Medicina e Innovación Journal · doi:10.70577/6zdkb121
Tenuzzo, M., Scali, F., Romeo, C., Guarneri, F., Cioli, L., Filippi, S., Boifava, C., Galizia, C., Birbes, L., Parisio, G., et al. (2026) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics15090858
Wang, W., Sui, J., Yin, C., Wei, Z., Xu, Y., Song, J., Wang, S., & Jia, C. (2026) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2025-28216
Gupta, H., Joshi, S., Ather, S., Kar, H., & Thakur, M. K. (2026) · Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology · doi:10.22207/jpam.20.3.58
Męcik, M., Stefaniak, K., Harnisz, M., Czatzkowska, M., Felis, E., Bajkacz, S., Sawicki, J., Krawczyk, K., Paukszto, Ł., & Korzeniewska, E. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.143526
Yan, J., Ren, Q., He, X., Du, H., He, L., Zheng, Z., Qi, Y., & Xian, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2026.1909107
Akhmetova, A., Dauletov, A., Ostrovskii, A., Yerzhanova, N., Shevtsov, A., Dushayeva, L. Z., Наметов, А., Rychshanova, R., Амиргазин, А., & Kuibagarov, M. (2026) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics15090889
Li, R.-B., Wang, H., Wang, H., Guo, J., Meng, L.-F., Zhao, J., Zhang, Y., Meng, Y., Wu, X., 易豪精, et al. (2026) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2026.119680
Hansen, M. K., & Østergaard, L. (2026) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics15090899
Phylogenetic and Genomic Analysis of Multi-resistance in Salmonella EntericaPreprint
Ngereza, S., Ogwerel, J. P., Ilesanmi, T. M., Ijeboi, S. O., & Akinmade, G. O. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10878139/v1
Zeng, X., Deng, T., Chang, J., Zhang, R., Shen, H., Gao, Q., Li, T., & Xu, C. (2026) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.6c08995
Krishnamoorthy, S., Sasidharan, S. S., Thara, M. V., & Nambi, I. M. (2026) · Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering · doi:10.1007/s40201-026-01004-z
Kundu, P., Yoshimura, M., & Kameda, T. (2026) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.6c08278
da Silva, L., de Morais, N. M., Rodrigues, E. Y. D. S., Gonçalves, S. A., de Araújo, G. A., Rocha, J. E., de Freitas, T. S., Tintino, C. D. M. O., Tintino, S. R., Bandeira, P. N., et al. (2026) · ChemistrySelect · doi:10.1002/slct.74646
From discovery to preparedness: reframing antimicrobial resistance as a global governance challenge
Nguyen, Q. K., Mayne, J. D., & Taylor-Robinson, A. W. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1965508
Distribution of β-Lactamase Resistance Genes in the Environment: A Systematic Review
Deák, G., Prangate, R., Matei, M., Boboc, M. G., Lupu, L., & Petrișor, L. I. (2026) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms14102204
Iran's Escherichia coli AMR Landscape (2010–2025): A One Health Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Dehghan, A., Arabian, M., Ashtiani, Z. T., Fakhri‐Demeshghieh, A., Baseri, N., Mostafavi, E., Badmasti, F., Abnaroodhelleh, F., Seifi, A., & Amiri, F. B. (2026) · MicrobiologyOpen · doi:10.1002/mbo3.70420
Sousa, J. F. M., Abreu, P. E., Valente, A. J. M., & Marques, J. M. C. (2026) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/d6cp02537d
Saputra, F., Liu, C., Baihaqi, V. K., Mi, J.-Z., & Hu, S. (2026) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2026.105747
Świątek, P., Strzelecka, M., Szczukowski, Ł., Jezierska, A., Panek, J. J., Junka, A., Woytoń, A., Lesyk, R., & Glomb, T. (2026) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules31203700
Assessing drinking water quality in marginalised Indian communities of urban Visakhapatnam
Singh, V., Asthana, R., & Reddy, M. K. (2026) · Environmental Challenges · doi:10.1016/j.envc.2026.101692
Fuelling the resistance: the impact of antibiotic misuse and overuse
Bhowmik, D., Patel, S., Saikia, H., Singha, H. A., & Pandey, I. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-44748-8.00010-5
The ripple effect: understanding the economic and social consequences of antibiotic resistance
Sharma, A., Kolhe, P., Paul, B., Kumar, P., Choudhary, V., Kondalkar, S. A., & Sisodia, B. S. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-44748-8.00001-4
Tamai, S., Tsuda, K., & Suzuki, Y. (2026) · Current Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00284-026-05199-0
Arab, M., Nas, F., Ameraoui, R., Taïbi, N., & Klouche-Khelil, N. (2026) · Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · doi:10.1007/s10482-026-02449-w
Metadata
- Authors
- Samreen, Ahmad, I., Malak, H. A., & Abulreesh, H. H.
- Affiliations
- Aligarh Muslim University (IN)
- Umm al-Qura University (SA)
- Corresponding author
- Ahmad, Iqbal
- Venue
- Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-12
- Volume
- 27
- Pages
- 101-111
- ISSN
- 2213-7165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3195695566
- Cited by
- 727
- References
- 153
- Citations by year
- 2026: 157 · 2025: 228 · 2024: 184 · 2023: 108 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 4.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (9102 || BT/IN/Indo-UK/AMR-Env/04/IQ/2020-21)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Microbiology (medical) › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Keywords
- antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial resistance genes, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, antibiotic residues, hospital wastewater, agricultural waste, wastewater treatment plants, infection control, sanitation, clean water access, public health
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Infective Agents, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Public Health, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Wastewater
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
