The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease after diagnosis of celiac disease
Open accessAbstract
Background & aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a common cause of chronic liver disease. Celiac disease alters intestinal permeability and treatment with a gluten-free diet often causes weight gain, but so far there are few reports of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with celiac disease.Methods Population-based cohort study. We compared the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosed from 1997 to 2009 in individuals with celiac disease (n = 26,816) to matched reference individuals (n = 130,051). Patients with any liver disease prior to celiac disease were excluded, as were individuals with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol-related disorder to minimize misclassification of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cox regression estimated hazard ratios for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were determined.Results During 246,559 person-years of follow-up, 53 individuals with celiac disease had a diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (21/100,000 person-years). In comparison, we identified 85 reference individuals diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease during 1,488,413 person-years (6/100,000 person-years). This corresponded to a hazard ratio of 2.8 (95% CI 2.0-3.8), with the highest risk estimates seen in children (HR = 4.6; 95% CI 2.3-9.1). The risk increase in the first year after celiac disease diagnosis was 13.3 (95% CI 3.5-50.3) but remained significantly elevated even beyond 15 years after the diagnosis of celiac disease (HR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.0-5.9).Conclusion Individuals with celiac disease are at increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease compared to the general population. Excess risks were highest in the first year after celiac disease diagnosis, but persisted through 15 years after diagnosis with celiac disease.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“It has been also shown that individuals with celiac disease, characterized by increased gut permeability, are at increased risk of NAFLD compared to the general population [296,297].”
From Gut-pancreas-liver Axis as a target for treatment of NAFLD/NASH (2020) · cites this paper as [297]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
External review and validation of the Swedish national inpatient register
Ludvigsson, J. F., Andersson, E., Ekbom, A., Feychting, M., Kim, J.-L., Reuterwall, C., Heurgren, M., & Olausson, P. O. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-450 · Cited by 5,055
Self-citationSteatohepatitis: A tale of two “hits”?
Day, C. P., & James, O. F. W. (1998) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(98)70599-2 · Cited by 4,285
Vernon, G. C., Baranova, A. V., & Younossi, Z. M. (2011) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04724.x · Cited by 3,116
The Swedish personal identity number: possibilities and pitfalls in healthcare and medical research
Ludvigsson, J. F., Otterblad-Olausson, P., Pettersson, B. U., & Ekbom, A. (2009) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-009-9350-y · Cited by 2,437
Self-citationPowell, E. E., Cooksley, G. W. E., Hanson, R., Searle, J., Halliday, J. W., & Powell, L. W. (1990) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840110114 · Cited by 1,473
Increased intestinal permeability and tight junction alterations in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Miele, L., Valenza, V., La Torre, G., Montalto, M., Cammarota, G., Ricci, R., Mascianà, R., Forgione, A., Gabrieli, M. L., Perotti, G., et al. (2009) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.22848 · Cited by 1,434
Randomized controlled trial testing the effects of weight loss on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Promrat, K., Kleiner, D. E., Niemeier, H. M., Jackvony, E., Kearns, M., Wands, J. R., Fava, J. L., & Wing, R. R. (2010) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.23276 · Cited by 1,330
Wigg, A. J., Roberts-Thomson, I. C., Dymock, R. B., McCarthy, P. J., Grose, R. H., & Cummins, A. G. (2001) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.48.2.206 · Cited by 836
Protection against a lethal dose of endotoxin by an inhibitor of tumour necrosis factor processing
Mohler, K. M., Sleath, P. R., Fitzner, J. N., Cerretti, D. P., Alderson, M. R., Kerwar, S. S., Torranee, D. S., Otten-Evans, C., Greenstreet, T. A., Weerawarna, K., et al. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/370218a0 · Cited by 588
Health at a Glance: Europe 2010
OECD, & Union, E. (2010) · Health at a glance. Europe · doi:10.1787/health_glance-2010-en · Cited by 535
World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines
LaBrecque, D. R., Abbas, Z., Anania, F. A., Ferenci, P., Khan, A. G., Goh, K., Hamid, S. S., Va, I., Lizarzábal, M., Peñaranda, M. M., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000000116 · Cited by 524
Caldwell, S. H., & Crespo, D. M. (2004) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2004.02.013 · Cited by 499
Small-Intestinal Histopathology and Mortality Risk in Celiac Disease
Ludvigsson, J. F. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1320 · Cited by 362
Self-citationCauses of Death in Patients With Celiac Disease in a Population-Based Swedish Cohort
Peters, U., Askling, J., Gridley, G., Ekbom, A., & Linet, M. S. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.13.1566 · Cited by 281
Volynets, V., Küper, M. A., Strahl, S., Maier, I. B., Spruss, A., Wagnerberger, S., Königsrainer, A., Bischoff, S. C., & Bergheim, I. (2012) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-012-2112-9 · Cited by 268 · cited 1×
“Levels of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), derived from intestinal Gramnegative microbiota, are elevated in the sera of adults [15] and children [16] with NAFLD, suggesting these individuals have increased intestinal permeability.”
BackgroundRubio‐Tapia, A., & Murray, J. A. (2007) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.21949 · Cited by 219
Walker, M. M., Murray, J. A., Ronkainen, J., Aro, P., Storskrubb, T., D’Amato, M., Lahr, B. D., Talley, N. J., & Agréus, L. (2010) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2010.04.007 · Cited by 216
Brown, I., Mino-Kenudson, M. A., Deshpande, V., & Lauwers, G. Y. (2006) · Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.5858/2006-130-1020-iliapp · Cited by 192
Giorgio, V., Miele, L., Principessa, L., Ferretti, F., Villa, M. P., Negro, V., Grieco, A., Alisi, A., & Nobili, V. (2014) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2014.02.010 · Cited by 188
Patton, H. M., Yates, K. P., Ünalp–Arida, A., Behling, C. A., Huang, T. T. ‐., Rosenthal, P. J., Sanyal, A. J., Schwimmer, J. B., & Lavine, J. E. (2010) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2010.152 · Cited by 185
Validation study of villous atrophy and small intestinal inflammation in Swedish biopsy registers
Ludvigsson, J. F., Brandt, L., Montgomery, S., Granath, F. N., & Ekbom, A. (2009) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/1471-230x-9-19 · Cited by 182
Self-citationvan Elburg, R. M., Uil, J. J., Mulder, C. J. J., & Heymans, H. S. A. (1993) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.34.3.354 · Cited by 179
Comparison between nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and alcoholic hepatitis.
Itoh, S., Yougel, T., & Kawagoe, K. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 174
Celiac Disease and Risk of Liver Disease: A General Population-Based Study
Ludvigsson, J. F., Elfström, P., BroomÉ, U., Ekbom, A., & Montgomery, S. M. (2007) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2006.09.034 · Cited by 172
Self-citationIntestinal permeability in coeliac disease: insight into mechanisms and relevance to pathogenesis
Heyman, M., Abed, J., Lebreton, C., & Cerf–Bensussan, N. (2011) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300327 · Cited by 170
Body Mass Index in Celiac Disease
Cheng, J., Brar, P. S., Lee, A. R., & Green, P. H. R. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0b013e3181b7ed58 · Cited by 166
Self-citationAlisi, A., Manco, M., Vito, R. D., Piemonte, F., & Nobili, V. (2010) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e3181c7bdf1 · Cited by 147
Barshop, N. J., Sirlin, C. B., Schwimmer, J. B., & Lavine, J. E. (2008) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03703.x · Cited by 144
Celiac Disease in Normal‐weight and Overweight Children
Reilly, N. R., Aguilar, K. M., Hassid, B. G., Cheng, J., DeFelice, A. R., Kazlow, P. G., Bhagat, G., & Green, P. H. (2011) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e3182276d5e · Cited by 136
Self-citationRubio‐Tapia, A., Barton, S. H., Rosenblatt, J. E., & Murray, J. A. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0b013e3181557e67 · Cited by 115
Socioeconomic position and education in patients with coeliac disease
Olén, O., Bihagen, E., Rasmussen, F. E., & Ludvigsson, J. F. (2012) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2012.01.006 · Cited by 102
Self-citationSymptoms and signs in individuals with serology positive for celiac disease but normal mucosa
Ludvigsson, J. F., Brandt, L., & Montgomery, S. (2009) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/1471-230x-9-57 · Cited by 100
Self-citationLuminal Bacteria and Small-Intestinal Permeability
Riordan, S. M., McIver, C. J., Thomas, D. H., Duncombe, V. M., Bolin, T. D., & Thomas, M. C. (1997) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3109/00365529709025099 · Cited by 95
Searching for coeliac disease in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Bardella, M. T., Valenti, L., Pagliari, C., Peracchi, M., Farè, M., Fracanzani, A. L., & Fargion, S. (2004) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2004.01.012 · Cited by 92
Cardiovascular disease risk factor profiles in children with celiac disease on gluten-free diets
Norsa, L. (2013) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i34.5658 · Cited by 83
Coeliac disease and body mass index: A study of two Swedish general population-based registers
Olén, O., Montgomery, S., Marcus, C., Ekbom, A., & Ludvigsson, J. F. (2009) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/00365520903132013 · Cited by 81
Self-citationCoeliac disease and risk of tuberculosis: a population based cohort study
Ludvigsson, J. F., Wahlstrom, J., Grünewald, J., Ekbom, A., & Montgomery, S. (2006) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.2006.059451 · Cited by 69
Self-citationBhat, G. (2012) · World Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.4254/wjh.v4.i7.209 · Cited by 67
Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Occurs in Celiac Disease and is Associated with Cellular Stress
Kälsch, J., Bechmann, L. P., Manka, P. P., Kahraman, A., Schlattjan, M., Marth, T., Rehbehn, K.-U., Baba, H. A., & Canbay, A. E. (2013) · Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie · doi:10.1055/s-0032-1330421 · Cited by 60
Kabbani, T. A., Kelly, C. P., Betensky, R. A., Hansen, J., Pallav, K., Villafuerte-Gálvez, J., Vanga, R. R., Mukherjee, R., Novero, A., Dennis, M. D., et al. (2013) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.033 · Cited by 51
Margariti, A., Deutsch, M. J., Manolakopoulos, S., TINIAKOS, D. G., & Papatheodoridis, G. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0b013e31826be328 · Cited by 47
Risk of tuberculosis in a large sample of patients with coeliac disease - a nationwide cohort study
Ludvigsson, J. F., Sanders, D. S., Maeurer, M. J., Jonsson, J., Grünewald, J., & Wahlström, J. (2011) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04572.x · Cited by 43
Self-citationA pathogenetic link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and celiac disease
Abenavoli, L., Milić, N., LORENZO, A. D., & Luzza, F. (2012) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-012-9731-y · Cited by 35
The prevalence of celiac disease among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Iran
Rahimi, A. R. O., Daryani, N. E., Ghofrani, H., Taher, M., Pashaei, M. R., Abdollahzade, S., KALANI, M., & Ajdarkosh, H. (2011) · The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.4318/tjg.2011.0216 · Cited by 33
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Carjsö K SB, Spetz CL. Evaluation of the Data quality in the Swedish National Hospital Discharge Register. Book Evaluation of the Data quality in the Swedish National Hospital Discharge Register (Editor eds.) City: WHO/HST/ICD/C/98.34; 1998. pp. 1–10.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Celiac disease: a comprehensive current review
Caio, G., Volta, U., Sapone, A., Leffler, D. A., GIORGIO, R. D., Catassi, C., & Fasano, A. (2019) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-019-1380-z · Cited by 1,114
ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in liver disease
Plauth, M., Bernal, W., Dasarathy, S., Merli, M., Plank, L. D., Schütz, T., & Bischoff, S. C. (2019) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.12.022 · Cited by 674
ESPEN practical guideline: clinical nutrition in liver disease
Bischoff, S. C., Bernal, W., Dasarathy, S., Merli, M., Plank, L. D., Schütz, T., & Plauth, M. (2020) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.001 · Cited by 383
Therrien, A., Kelly, C. P., & Silvester, J. A. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000001267 · Cited by 176
Raiteri, A., Granito, A., Giamperoli, A., Catenaro, T., Negrini, G., & Tovoli, F. (2021) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v28.i1.154 · Cited by 150
Metadata
- Authors
- Reilly, N. R., Lebwohl, B., Hultcrantz, R., Green, P. H. R., & Ludvigsson, J. F.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Örebro University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Ludvigsson, Jonas F.
- Venue
- Journal of Hepatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-06
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1405-1411
- ISSN
- 0168-8278 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4439270
- OpenAlex
- W2089313045
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 8.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Hepatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000040, KL2TR001874)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Celiac Disease Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Diseases and Immunity
- Keywords
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, celiac disease, gluten-free diet, intestinal permeability, weight gain, chronic liver disease, children
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Celiac Disease, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sweden, Time Factors, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
