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Cited by 293

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The yin and yang of evasion and immune activation in HCC

Open access
Makarova-Rusher, Oxana V., Medina-Echeverz, José, Duffy, Austin G., Greten, Tim F.·2015·Journal of Hepatology

Abstract

Current systemic treatment options for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are limited to sorafenib. With the recent FDA approval of the second PD1-PD-L1 pathway inhibitor, immunotherapy has gained even more interest as a potential novel treatment option for patients with HCC. This is due not only because of the failure of other treatment approaches in the past, but also because immunological mechanisms have been shown to play an important role during tumor development, growth, and treatment. Here we present a review of immunological mechanisms in the liver relevant for tumor progression and treatment. We summarize our current knowledge on immune activating and immune suppressing mechanisms during tumor initiation, development, and treatment. We try to explain the paradox of how inflammatory responses in a setting of chronic infection promote tumor development, while the primary aim of immunotherapy is to activate immunity. Finally we summarize recent advances in addition to providing an outlook for the immunotherapy of HCC.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.02.038

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Metadata

Authors
Makarova-Rusher, O. V., Medina-Echeverz, J., Duffy, A. G., & Greten, T. F.
Venue
Journal of Hepatology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-06
Volume
62
Issue
6
Pages
1420-1429
ISSN
0168-8278 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2062030781
Cited by
293
References
11
FWCI
9.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

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