Safety of probiotics used for hospital environmental sanitation
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PCHS does not select resistant strains but decreases the prevalence of preexisting AMR up to 99.9%.
“This type of sanitation has been shown to reduce surface pathogens 80% more than chemical disinfectants without selecting resistant strains but rather decreasing the prevalence of preexisting AMR up to 99.9%, resulting in a > 50% decrease in HAI incidence [8, 29–35].”
From Profiling the resistome and virulome of Bacillus strains used for probiotic-based sanitation: a multicenter WGS analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
PCR analyses did not reveal any newly acquired resistance genes in approximately 500 PCHS-Bacillus strains derived from the treated hospitals.
“Additionally, PCR analyses did not reveal any newly acquired R genes in approximately 500 PCHS-Bacillus strains derived from the treated hospitals [32, 35].”
From Profiling the resistome and virulome of Bacillus strains used for probiotic-based sanitation: a multicenter WGS analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
Studies of microbiological surveillance during use of Bacillus spp. as sanitizers revealed the absence of Bacillus-induced infections and Bacillus-positive clinical samples in more than 30,000 tests, corresponding to approximately 90,000 hospitalized patients, in structures generated via PCHS.
“studies of microbiological surveillance during their use as sanitizers revealed the absence of Bacillus-induced infections and Bacillus-positive clinical samples in more than 30,000 tests, corresponding to approximately 90,000 hospitalized patients, in the structures generated via PCHS [32].”
From Profiling the resistome and virulome of Bacillus strains used for probiotic-based sanitation: a multicenter WGS analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
PCHS reduces surface pathogens 80% more than chemical disinfectants.
“This type of sanitation has been shown to reduce surface pathogens 80% more than chemical disinfectants without selecting resistant strains but rather decreasing the prevalence of preexisting AMR up to 99.9%, resulting in a > 50% decrease in HAI incidence [8, 29–35].”
From Profiling the resistome and virulome of Bacillus strains used for probiotic-based sanitation: a multicenter WGS analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
PCHS results in a >50% decrease in HAI incidence.
“This type of sanitation has been shown to reduce surface pathogens 80% more than chemical disinfectants without selecting resistant strains but rather decreasing the prevalence of preexisting AMR up to 99.9%, resulting in a > 50% decrease in HAI incidence [8, 29–35].”
From Profiling the resistome and virulome of Bacillus strains used for probiotic-based sanitation: a multicenter WGS analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
Specific studies on PCHS reported no adverse effects or HAIs sustained by PCHS-derived Bacillus in hospitalized patients and good genetic stability of PCHS-Bacillus, as confirmed by absence of newly acquired ARGs over time by PCR microarray.
“some specific studies have been performed on one of these systems (Probiotic Cleaning Hygiene System, PCHS®), reporting no adverse effects or HAIs sustained by PCHS-derived Bacillus in hospitalized patients [32] and the good genetic stability of PCHS-Bacillus, as confirmed by the absence of newly acquired ARGs over time, as judged by PCR microarray [34, 35].”
From Profiling the resistome and virulome of Bacillus strains used for probiotic-based sanitation: a multicenter WGS analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
Cites
Doron, S., & Snydman, D. R. (2015) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/civ085 · Cited by 942 · see citing works
Dancer, S. J. (2014) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00020-14 · Cited by 693 · see citing works
(BIOHAZ), E. P. O. B. H. (2013) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3449 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Safety of probiotics used to reduce risk and prevent or treat disease.
(2011) · PubMed Central · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Hard Surface Biocontrol in Hospitals Using Microbial-Based Cleaning Products
Vandini, A., Temmerman, R., Frabetti, A., Caselli, E., Antonioli, P., Balboni, P. G., Platano, D., Branchini, A., & Mazzacane, S. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108598 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationCaselli, E., D’Accolti, M., Vandini, A., Lanzoni, L., Camerada, M. T., Coccagna, M., Branchini, A., Antonioli, P., Balboni, P. G., Di Luca, D., et al. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148857 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationWallace, T. C., & MacKay, D. (2011) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.111.147629 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Bygiene: The New Paradigm of Bidirectional Hygiene.
Al‐Ghalith, G. A., & Knights, D. (2015) · PubMed Central · Cited by 18 · see citing works
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Caselli, E., Brusaferro, S., Coccagna, M., Arnoldo, L., Berloco, F., Antonioli, P., Tarricone, R., Pelissero, G., Nola, S., La Fauci, V., et al. (2018) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199616 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationD’Accolti, M., Soffritti, I., Mazzacane, S., & Caselli, E. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20071535 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationHygiene: microbial strategies to reduce pathogens and drug resistance in clinical settings
Caselli, E. (2017) · Microbial Biotechnology · doi:10.1111/1751-7915.12755 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationD’Accolti, M., Soffritti, I., Bini, F., Mazziga, E., Mazzacane, S., & Caselli, E. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms10020225 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationD’Accolti, M., Soffritti, I., Bonfante, F., Ricciardi, W., Mazzacane, S., & Caselli, E. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13112227 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationD’Accolti, M., Soffritti, I., Bini, F., Mazziga, E., Cason, C., Comar, M., Volta, A., Bisi, M., Fumagalli, D., Mazzacane, S., et al. (2023) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-023-01512-2 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationBini, F., Soffritti, I., D’Accolti, M., Mazziga, E., Caballero, J. D., David, S., Argimon, S., Aanensen, D. M., Volta, A., Bisi, M., et al. (2025) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-025-11582-1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…and studies of microbiological surveillance during their use as sanitizers revealed the absence of Bacillus -induced infections and Bacillus -positive clinical samples in more than 30,000 tests, corresponding to approximately 90,000 hospitalized patients, in the structures generated via PCHS [32].”
Self-citation
- Authors
- Caselli, E., Antonioli, P., & Mazzacane, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Ferrara (IT)
- Arcispedale Sant'Anna (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Caselli, E.
- Venue
- Journal of Hospital Infection
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-10
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 193-194
- ISSN
- 0195-6701 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2468976508
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 3.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Hospital Infection (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infection Control in Healthcare
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Medical Device Sterilization and Disinfection
- Keywords
- probiotics, surface decontamination, microbial contamination, nosocomial infections, multidrug-resistant pathogens, pathogen reservoirs, probiotic safety
- MeSH terms
- Bacillus, Bacterial Infections, Environmental Microbiology, Hospitals, Humans, Sanitation, Surface Properties, Infection Control, Probiotics, Patient Safety
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