Research Techniques Made Simple: Emerging Imaging Technologies for Noninvasive Optical Biopsy of Human Skin
Open accessAbstract
Over the past few years, high-resolution optical imaging technologies such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), and multiphoton microscopy (MPM) have advanced significantly as new methodologies for clinical research and for real-time detection, diagnosis, and therapy monitoring of skin diseases. Implementation of these technologies into clinical research and practice requires clinicians to have an understanding of their capabilities, benefits, and limitations. This concise review provides insights on the application of OCT, RCM, and MPM for clinical skin imaging through images acquired in vivo from the same lesions. The presented data are limited to pigmented lesions and basal cell carcinoma.
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Of OCT, reflectance confocal microscopy, and multiphoton microscopy, OCT provides the greatest imaging depth and field of view.
“Of these, OCT provides the greatest imaging depth and field of view.”
From Effect of skin color on optical properties and the implications for medical optical technologies: a review (2024) · cites this paper as [82]
OCT, reflectance confocal microscopy, and multiphoton microscopy all use wavelengths beyond 700 nm and therefore avoid maximal melanin absorption, reducing the effect of skin color.
“These all use wavelengths beyond 700 nm and therefore avoid maximal melanin absorption reducing the effect of skin color.”
From Effect of skin color on optical properties and the implications for medical optical technologies: a review (2024) · cites this paper as [82]
OCT is the only method currently used to image deeply (up to 1 mm in the skin) among OCT, reflectance confocal microscopy and multiphoton microscopy.
“Optical coherence tomography (OCT), reflectance confocal microscopy and multiphoton microscopy have become advanced enough for clinical imaging, diagnosis and monitoring of skin, however, OCT is the only method currently used to image deeply (up to 1 mm in the skin) [4].”
From Relevance and utility of the in-vivo and ex-vivo optical properties of the skin reported in the literature: a review [Invited] (2023) · cites this paper as [4]
OCT currently images to depths of approximately 1 mm in the skin.
“Despite the deeply scattering nature of the human tissues, light has been used for multiple biological applications including cancer diagnosis and studying cellular changes like apoptosis and it can provide structural information deriving from tissue boundaries, cells and organelles with OCT currently imaging to depths of approximately 1 mm in the skin [4].”
From Relevance and utility of the in-vivo and ex-vivo optical properties of the skin reported in the literature: a review [Invited] (2023) · cites this paper as [4]
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- Authors
- Lentsch, G., Baugh, E. G., Lee, B., Aszterbaum, M., Zachary, C. B., Kelly, K. M., & Balu, M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Balu, Mihaela
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-05
- Volume
- 142
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1243-1252.e1
- ISSN
- 0022-202X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9802025
- OpenAlex
- W4224256031
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 2.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (P30AR075047)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB026705)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Optical Coherence Tomography Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Keywords
- optical coherence tomography, reflectance confocal microscopy, multiphoton microscopy, skin imaging, pigmented skin lesions, basal cell carcinoma, in vivo imaging, dermatological diagnosis, treatment monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Biopsy, Basal Cell Carcinoma, Humans, Research Design, Skin, Skin Neoplasms, Microscopy, Confocal, Tomography, Optical Coherence
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