Cited by 9Multiple Sclerosis Research StudiesMetabolomics and Mass Spectrometry StudiesMass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications

Spatial lipidomics reveals demyelination and remyelination dynamics in the mouse brain

Open access
Opielka, Mikolaj, Urbanowicz, Krzysztof, Konieczna-Wolska, Klaudia, Müller, Elisabeth, Krajewski, Oliwier, Feucherolles, Maureen, Zhou, Qiuqin, Bienkowski, Michal +5 more·2025·Journal of Lipid Research

Abstract

Myelin pathology in demyelinating diseases is accompanied by lipid remodeling that remains challenging to characterize at the spatial level using traditional mass spectrometry. We developed an optimized AP-MALDI-Orbitrap MSI pipeline, incorporating sample preparation improvements and mass recalibration, to investigate lipid dynamics in the cuprizone (CPZ) mouse model of demyelination. Dual-modality, untargeted lipid profiling was performed to map spatially resolved lipid alterations during demyelination and spontaneous remyelination in two key brain areas of male mice: corpus callosum (CC) and cortex (Ctx), with lipid identifications benchmarked against 4D-LC-TIMS-MS/MS. Demyelinated regions were identified using Black Gold II staining. Using 1 ppm mass tolerance, we annotated 154 and 133 lipids at the sum-composition level in CC and Ctx, respectively, with 60% validated by LC-MS/MS. Spatial lipid profiling revealed CPZ-induced alterations in sphingolipids, sulfatides, and glycerophospholipids, supported by reanalysis of a published snRNA-seq dataset from a mouse CPZ model. Long-chain ceramides (Cer) and hexosylceramides (HexCer) were reduced in demyelinated regions, with partial, region-specific recovery during remyelination. Short-chain sulfatides (SHexCer), sphingomyelins (SM), and seminolipids transiently increased in the CC during demyelination, while long-chain sulfatides decreased in both CC and Ctx. Additionally, we observed demyelination-induced upregulation of polyunsaturated glycerophospholipids in CC and phosphatidylinositols (PI) in cortex. Lipid subclass changes emerged as reliable markers of both demyelination and remyelination in the mouse brain. Region-specific alterations in lipid metabolism provide new insights into the processes of de- and remyelination. Notably, remyelinated fibers have a distinct lipid profile compared to intact myelin, suggesting that lipid-based therapeutic strategies could improve myelin repair.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jlr.2025.100912

Cites

94 of 94 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In demyelinating and dysmyelinating models, phosphoinositide distributions within white matter tracts are altered.

    “In demyelinating and dysmyelinating models, phosphoinositide distributions within white matter tracts are altered [85–87]”

    From PLCγ2 deficiency compromises systemic immune tolerance and erodes myelin homeostasis while enhancing oxidative metabolism in the mouse brain (2026) · cites this paper as [86]

    The Results section (page not provided) reports increased phosphatidylinositol (PI) species in the corpus callosum during cuprizone-induced demyelination, supporting altered PI distribution in a white-matter tract. It does not report findings from a dysmyelinating model, and its measurements of PI species do not establish altered distributions of phosphorylated phosphoinositides. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Opielka, M., Urbanowicz, K., Konieczna-Wolska, K., Müller, E., Krajewski, O., Feucherolles, M., Zhou, Q., Bienkowski, M., Frache, G., Hopf, C., Schirmer, L., Rutkowska, A., & Smolenski, R. T.
Affiliations
  • Gdańsk Medical University (PL)
  • Heidelberg University (DE)
  • Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LU)
  • Technische Hochschule Mannheim (DE)
Corresponding author
  • Rutkowska, Aleksandra
  • Smolenski, Ryszard T.
Venue
Journal of Lipid Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2025-11
Volume
66
Issue
11
Pages
100912
ISSN
0022-2275 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4414484780
Cited by
8
References
94
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 2
FWCI
5.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Lipid Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Narodowe Centrum Nauki (2022/47/D/NZ3/02613)
  • Republic of Poland Ministry of Science and Higher Education (SKN/SP/571354/2023)
  • Gdański Uniwersytet Medyczny
  • Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt (13FH8I09IA)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
Keywords
demyelination, remyelination, myelin lipids, spatial lipidomics, sphingolipids, sulfatide, glycerophospholipids, long-chain ceramides, hexosylceramide, sphingomyelin, seminolipid, phosphatidylinositol, corpus callosum, cerebral cortex, lipid metabolism
MeSH terms
Remyelination, Lipidomics, Animals, Brain, Corpus Callosum, Cuprizone, Demyelinating Diseases, Disease Models, Animal, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Myelin Sheath, Lipid Metabolism, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review