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Molecular Mechanisms of Two-Component Signal Transduction
Open accessAbstract
Two-component systems (TCS) comprising sensor histidine kinases and response regulator proteins are among the most important players in bacterial and archaeal signal transduction and also occur in reduced numbers in some eukaryotic organisms. Given their importance to cellular survival, virulence, and cellular development, these systems are among the most scrutinized bacterial proteins. In the recent years, a flurry of bioinformatics, genetic, biochemical, and structural studies have provided detailed insights into many molecular mechanisms that underlie the detection of signals and the generation of the appropriate response by TCS. Importantly, it has become clear that there is significant diversity in the mechanisms employed by individual systems. This review discusses the current knowledge on common themes and divergences from the paradigm of TCS signaling. An emphasis is on the information gained by a flurry of recent structural and bioinformatics studies.
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“Typically, lemA is part of a two-component regulatory system, which have been well-studied across bacterial systems92−94 (but that have not yet been observed in Mycoplasma to our knowledge), and are involved in regulation of various cellular processes varying from phosphate uptake, to respiration, to sporulation.”
From Toward the Complete Functional Characterization of a Minimal Bacterial Proteome (2022) · cites this paper as [92]
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“lemA-gacS/0604 | cell growth and morphology | two component sensor/membrane”
From Toward the Complete Functional Characterization of a Minimal Bacterial Proteome (2022) · cites this paper as [92]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zschiedrich, C. P., Keidel, V., & Szurmant, H.
- Affiliations
- Scripps Research Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Szurmant, Hendrik
- ORCID
- Szurmant, Hendrik
- Venue
- Journal of Molecular Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-09
- Volume
- 428
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 3752-3775
- ISSN
- 0022-2836 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5023499
- OpenAlex
- W2498485322
- Cited by
- 540
- References
- 189
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 6.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Molecular Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- US National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health (GM106085)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biochemical and Structural Characterization
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene Regulatory Network Analysis
- Keywords
- two-component systems, signal transduction, sensor histidine kinase, response regulator proteins, bacterial signaling, signal detection, protein structure, molecular mechanisms
- MeSH terms
- Histidine Kinase, Archaea, Bacteria, Gene Expression Regulation, Transcription Factors, Signal Transduction, Eukaryota
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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