Variables Associated With the Use of Complete Oral Calorie Supplements in Children With Feeding Problems
Abstract
Objective To examine child and parent variables associated with complete oral calorie supplement use among children with feeding problems.Design Correlational examination of data from patient intake surveys.Setting Hospital-based feeding program.Participants Participants included 281 parents of children referred to a hospital-based feeding clinic, including 114 who received supplements (70.2% boys; mean age, 60.1 months) and 167 who did not receive (79.6% boys; mean age, 67.5 months).Variables measured Children's age, gender, weight status, diagnostic category (no special needs, autism, or other special needs), supplement intake, oral motor problems, child mealtime behavior (using the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire), parent feeding practices (using the Parent Mealtime Action Scale), and diet variety for child and parent.Analysis Chi-square analyses compared children who did and did not receive supplements for their percentage of gender, diagnostic, and weight status categories; t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests compared children who did and did not receive supplements, for age, oral motor problems, children's mealtime behavior, parent feeding practices, and diet variety.Results Compared with children who did not receive nutritional supplements, those who did were younger (P < .01) and more underweight (P < .001), and showed less Food Responsiveness (P < .001), less Food Enjoyment (P < .001), more Food Satiety (P < .001, and more Slow Eating (P < .001), and their parents were more likely to use Insistence on Eating (P < .001).Conclusions Whereas supplement use was related to underweight, 78.2% of children receiving them were normal weight or overweight, which suggests that supplements are being used to address mealtime selective eating. The use of supplements should be considered carefully because they do not appear to increase diet variety and may increase the chance of overweight over time.
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Other studies describe participants who engage in slow eating and have difficulty sitting at the table for a full meal, both of which may be driven by a low interest in food or eating.
“but other studies do describe participants who engage in slow eating 55 and have difficulty sitting at the table for a full meal, 56 both of which may be driven by a low interest in food or eating.”
From Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder and Severe Food Selectivity in Children and Young People with Autism: A Scoping Review (2022) · cites this paper as [55]
The literature evidences children and young people with autism who are overweight as a result of the consumption of a narrow range of energy-dense foods or those high in fat, sugar, or salt.
“The literature also evidences children and young people with autism who are overweight as a result of the consumption of a narrow range of energy-dense foods or those high in fat, sugar, or salt.55,57”
From Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder and Severe Food Selectivity in Children and Young People with Autism: A Scoping Review (2022) · cites this paper as [55]
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Bourne, L., Mandy, W., & Bryant‐Waugh, R. (2022) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/dmcn.15139 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
- Authors
- Williams, K. E., & Hendy, H. M.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-07
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 236-240
- ISSN
- 1499-4046 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2086687885
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- feeding difficulties, children, mealtime behavior, food responsiveness, food enjoyment, slow eating, parental feeding practices, dietary diversity, underweight, autism spectrum disorder, child eating behavior
- MeSH terms
- Feeding and Eating Disorders, Child, Child, Preschool, Feeding Behavior, Female, Food, Formulated, Humans, Infant, Male, Parents, Surveys and Questionnaires, Retrospective Studies, Diet Records
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