CBT specific process in exposure-based treatments: Initial examination in a pediatric OCD sample
Open accessAbstract
Cognitive-Behavioral theory and empirical support suggest that optimal activation of fear is a critical component for successful exposure treatment. Using this theory, we developed coding methodology for measuring CBT-specific process during exposure. We piloted this methodology in a sample of young children (N = 18) who previously received CBT as part of a randomized controlled trial. Results supported the preliminary reliability and predictive validity of coding variables with 12 week and 3 month treatment outcome data, generally showing results consistent with CBT theory. However, given our limited and restricted sample, additional testing is warranted. Measurement of CBT-specific process using this methodology may have implications for understanding mechanism of change in exposure-based treatments and for improving dissemination efforts through identification of therapist behaviors associated with improved outcome.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Ritual inhibition during exposure is related to OCD improvement.
“Preliminary research indicates that ritual inhibition during exposure is related to OCD improvement (Benito et al., 2012; McLaughlin et al., 2016a), suggesting that other measurable RI constructs may possibly predict ERP outcomes.”
From Response Inhibition in Youth Undergoing Intensive Treatment for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (2023) · cites this paper as Benito et al., 2012
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
KAUFMAN, J., BIRMAHER, B., BRENT, D., RAO, U., FLYNN, C., MORECI, P., WILLIAMSON, D., & RYAN, N. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021 · Cited by 10,148 · see citing works
Molecular Mechanisms of Depression: Perspectives on New Treatment Strategies
Lang, U. E., & Borgwardt, S. (2013) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000350094 · Cited by 8,501 · see citing works
The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: I. Development, Use, and Reliability
Goodman, W. K. (1989) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007 · Cited by 7,712 · see citing works
Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information.
Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M. J. (1986) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.20 · Cited by 5,396 · see citing works
The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: II. Validity
Goodman, W. K. (1989) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110054008 · Cited by 2,799 · see citing works
The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale: Measures of internal consistency
Kim, S. W., Dysken, M. W., Pheley, A. M., & Hoover, K. M. (1994) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(94)90039-6 · Cited by 2,361 · see citing works
Habituation: a dual-process theory.
Groves, P. M., & Thompson, R. F. (1970) · Psychology Review · doi:10.1037/h0029810 · Cited by 2,110 · see citing works
Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: Reliability and Validity
SCAHILL, L., RIDDLE, M. A., McSWIGGIN-HARDIN, M., ORT, S. I., KING, R. A., GOODMAN, W. K., CICCHETTI, D., & LECKMAN, J. F. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199706000-00023 · Cited by 2,045 · see citing works
Effects of an expanding-spaced vs massed exposure schedule on fear reduction and return of fear
Rowe, M. K., & Craske, M. G. (1998) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(97)10016-x · Cited by 1,778 · see citing works
Gonzalez, R. C., & Mowrer, O. H. (1962) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1419634 · Cited by 1,584 · see citing works
The Assessment of Affective Disorders in Children and Adolescents by Semistructured Interview
Chambers, W. J. (1985) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790300064008 · Cited by 1,272 · see citing works
Frontiers of cognitive therapy
Thase, M. E. (1997) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0163-8343(97)00044-3 · Cited by 1,062 · see citing works
Understanding how and why psychotherapy leads to change
Kazdin, A. E. (2009) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503300802448899 · Cited by 728 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Furthermore, by focusing on treatment processes and procedures that most effectively activate the mechanism of change, we may be able to increase potency and simplify CBT for pediatric OCD (Kazdin, 2009).”
BackgroundFunctional Impairment in Children and Adolescents with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Piacentini, J. C., Bergman, R. L., Keller, M. L., & McCracken, J. T. (2003) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/104454603322126359 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Anxiety disorders: Why they persist and how to treat them
Clark, D. M. (1999) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00048-0 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Perlmutter, S. J., Leitman, S. F., Garvey, M. A., Hamburger, S., Feldman, E., Leonard, H. L., & Swedo, S. E. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)12297-3 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Foa, E. B., Riggs, D. S., Massie, E. D., & Yarczower, M. (1995) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80096-6 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders: A Review of Meta-Analytic Findings
Olatunji, B. O., Cisler, J. M., & Deacon, B. J. (2010) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2010.04.002 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Family Accommodation in Pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
Storch, E. A., Geffken, G. R., Merlo, L. J., Jacob, M. L., Murphy, T. K., Goodman, W. K., Larson, M. J., Fernandez, M. A., & Grabill, K. M. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374410701277929 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Garcia, A. M., Sapyta, J. J., Moore, P. S., Freeman, J. B., Franklin, M. E., March, J. S., & Foa, E. B. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.06.013 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Self-citationInsel, T. R. (1983) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.04390010015002 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
OCD in children and adolescents a cognitive-behavioral treatment manual
March, J. S., & Mulle, K. (1998) · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in a Birth Cohort of 18-Year-Olds: Prevalence and Predictors
Douglass, H. M., Moffitt, T. E., Dar, R., McGee, R. O., & Silva, P. J. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199511000-00008 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Hudak, R., & Gannon, J. M. (2022) · Current clinical practice · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98709-1_5 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Meta‐analysis of randomized, controlled treatment trials for pediatric obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Watson, H. J., & Rees, C. S. (2008) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01875.x · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Merlo, L. J., Lehmkuhl, H. D., Geffken, G. R., & Storch, E. A. (2009) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012652 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Success and failure in the behavioral treatment of obsessive-compulsives.
Foa, E. B., Grayson, J. B., Steketee, G. S., Doppelt, H., Turner, R. M., & Latimer, P. R. (1983) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.51.2.287 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Garvey, M. A., Perlmutter, S., Allen, A. J., Hamburger, S., Lougee, L., Leonard, H. L., Witowski, M. E., Dubbert, B. K., & Swedo, S. E. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00020-7 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Fine, R. (1961) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1961.15.2.298 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Early Childhood OCD: Preliminary Findings From a Family-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Approach
Freeman, J. B., Garcia, A. M., Coyne, L. W., Ale, C. M., Przeworski, A., Himle, M. B., Compton, S. N., & Leonard, H. L. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31816765f9 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Self-citationThe etiology of phobias: A nonassociative account
Menzies, R. G., & Clarke, J. C. (1995) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(94)00039-5 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
(1996) · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Success and failure in the behavioral treatment of obsessive-compulsives.
Foa, E. B., Grayson, J. B., Steketee, G. S., et al. (1983) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.51.2.287 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Childhood Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: A Prospective Follow‐up Study
Flament, M. F., Koby, E., Rapoport, J. L., Berg, C. J., Zahn, T. P., Cox, C., DENCKLA, M. B., & Lenane, M. (1990) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01575.x · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Predictors of functional impairment in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder
Storch, E. A., Larson, M. J., Muroff, J. R., Caporino, N. E., GELLER, D. A., Reid, J. M., Morgan, J. R., Jordan, P., & Murphy, T. K. (2009) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.12.004 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Habituation during exposure treatment: distraction vs attention-focusing
Grayson, J. B., Foa, E. B., & Steketee, G. (1982) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(82)90091-2 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Possible mechanisms for why desensitization and exposure therapy work
Tryon, W. W. (2004) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.08.005 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Kozak, M. J., Foa, E. B., & Steketee, G. (1988) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(88)80039-x · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Effects of imaginal exposure to feared disasters in obsessive-compulsive checkers
Foa, E. B., Steketee, G. S., Turner, R. M., & Fischer, S. C. (1980) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(80)90010-8 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Thomsen, P. H., & Mikkelsen, H. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199511000-00009 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Young Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Freeman, J. B., Choate-Summers, M. L., Moore, P. S., Garcia, A. M., Sapyta, J. J., Leonard, H. L., & Franklin, M. E. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.12.015 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Childhood OCD: It's Only a False Alarm Therapist Guide
Piacentini, J. C., Langley, A. K., & Roblek, T. (2007) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Phenomenology of Early Childhood Onset Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Garcia, A. M., Freeman, J. B., Himle, M. B., Berman, N. C., Ogata, A. K., Ng, J., Choate-Summers, M. L., & Leonard, H. (2008) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-008-9094-0 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationTreatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents.
Rapoport, J. L., & Inoff‐Germain, G. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Anxiety-control strategies: Is there room for neutralization in successful exposure treatment?
Parrish, C. L., Radomsky, A. S., & Dugas, M. J. (2008) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.07.007 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Keeley, M. L., Geffken, G. R., Ricketts, E. J., McNamara, J. P. H., & Storch, E. A. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.03.017 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Attention versus distraction during in vivo exposure: Snake and spider phobias
Craske, M. G., Street, L. L., Jayaraman, J., & Barlow, D. H. (1991) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/0887-6185(91)90001-a · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The More You Do It, the Easier It Gets: Exposure and Response Prevention for OCD
Himle, M. B., & Franklin, M. E. (2008) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2008.03.002 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Family Based Treatment for Young Children With OCD
Freeman, J. B., & Garcia, A. M. (2008) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med:psych/9780195373639.001.0001 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationNorton, P. J., Hayes‐Skelton, S. A., & Klenck, S. C. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.02.006 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
SOMATIC COMPLAINTS IN THE DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMATOLOGY
Lindberg, B. J. (1965) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1965.tb05001.x · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Confirmatory factor analysis of the fear questionnaire in injured workers with chronic pain
Frombach, I. K., Asmundson, G. J. G., & Cox, B. J. (1999) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6394(1999)9:3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Therapeutic process during exposure: Habituation model
Benito, K. G., & Walther, M. (2015) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2015.01.006 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationExposure and Response Prevention Process Predicts Treatment Outcome in Youth with OCD
Kircanski, K., & Peris, T. S. (2014) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-014-9917-2 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Freeman, J. B., Benito, K., Herren, J. A., Kemp, J. J., Sung, J. Y., Georgiadis, C., Arora, A., Walther, M. R., & Garcia, A. M. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2018.1496443 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationBenito, K. G., Machan, J., Freeman, J. B., Garcia, A. M., Walther, M., Frank, H., Wellen, B., Stewart, E., Edmunds, J., Kemp, J., et al. (2018) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000315 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationReid, A. M., Guzick, A. G., Gernand, A. K., & Olsen, B. T. (2016) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.009 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Farrell, N. R., Kemp, J. J., Blakey, S. M., Meyer, J. M., & Deacon, B. J. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.08.011 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Comorbid ADHD: Implications for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents
Halldorsdottir, T., & Ollendick, T. H. (2013) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2013.08.003 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Stop signal reaction time deficits in a lifetime obsessive-compulsive disorder sample
McLaughlin, N. C. R., Kirschner, J., Foster, H., O’Connell, C., Rasmussen, S. A., & Greenberg, B. D. (2016) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617716000540 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Crawford, E. A., Frank, H. E., Palitz, S. A., Davis, J. P., & Kendall, P. C. (2017) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-017-9864-7 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Bunford, N., Kujawa, A., Swain, J. E., Fitzgerald, K. D., Monk, C. S., & Phan, K. L. (2016) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-016-0883-9 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Benito, K., Machan, J. T., Freeman, J. B., Garcia, A. M., Walther, M. R., Frank, H. E., Wellen, B. C. M., Stewart, E., Edmunds, J., Sapyta, J. J., et al. (2020) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2020.07.004 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationOptimising Exposure for Children and Adolescents with Anxiety, OCD and PTSD: A Systematic Review
Plaisted, H., Waite, P., Gordon, K., & Creswell, C. (2021) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-020-00335-z · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Chu, B. C., Colognori, D. B., Yang, G., Xie, M., Bergman, R. L., & Piacentini, J. C. (2015) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2015.01.003 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Jalal, B., Chamberlain, S. R., Robbins, T. W., & Sahakian, B. J. (2022) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852920001947 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Benito, K., Herren, J. A., Freeman, J. B., Garcia, A. M., Block, P., Cantor, E., Chorpita, B. F., Wellen, B. C. M., Stewart, E., Georgiadis, C., et al. (2020) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2020.10.003 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationKemp, J. J., Benito, K., Herren, J. A., Brown, Z. A., Frank, H. E., & Freeman, J. B. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1096259 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationTherapist beliefs about exposure therapy implementation
Meyer, J. M., Kelly, P. J., & Deacon, B. J. (2020) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x20000112 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
When Exposures Go Right: Effective Exposure-Based Treatment for Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
Jordan, C., Reid, A. M., Guzick, A. G., Simmons, J., & Sulkowski, M. L. (2016) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10879-016-9339-2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Benito, K., Herren, J. A., Freeman, J. B., Garcia, A. M., Kemp, J. J., Chorpita, B. F., Sung, J. Y., Arora, A., Georgiadis, C., Stewart, E., et al. (2021) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2021.1917018 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationEssau, C. A., & Özer, B. U. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7497-6_13 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Response Inhibition in Youth Undergoing Intensive Treatment for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Conelea, C. A., Morris, S., McLaughlin, N., Mamaril, E., Benito, K., Case, B., & Garcia, A. (2023) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2022.100764 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationLossio-Ventura, J. A., Frank, S., Ringlein, G., Bonson, K., Olszko, A., Knobel, A., Pine, D. S., Freeman, J. B., Benito, K., Jangraw, D. C., et al. (2025) · JAMIA Open · doi:10.1093/jamiaopen/ooaf127 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationScaling-up Behavioral Observation with Computational Behavior RecognitionPreprint
Lønfeldt, N. N., Das, S., Frumosu, F. D., Mora‐Jensen, A. C., Pagsberg, A. K., & Clemmensen, L. K. H. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/m4p6f · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Freeman, J. B., Kemp, J. J., O’Connor, E., Herren, J. A., Georgiadis, C., Righi, G., & Benito, K. (2024) · JAACAP Open · doi:10.1016/j.jaacop.2024.06.005 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationTreatment of Sexual Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms During Exposure and Response Prevention
Reid, A. M., Flores, C., Olsen, B. T., Barthle-Herrera, M. A., Rahmani, M., Rakhshani, A. C., Nguyen, M. L., Geffken, G. R., & McNamara, J. P. H. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17139-5_3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kemp, J., Norris, L. A., Fenley, A., Kidd, A., Mamaril, E., Herren, J. A., Freeman, J., & Benito, K. (2024) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2024.06.003 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationKillion, B., Marklin, M., O’Connor, E., Freeman, J. B., Cain, G. H., Walther, M., & Benito, K. (2024) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-024-01792-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Exposure Guide: A Practical Measure of Exposure Quality
Benito, K., Herren, J. A., Norris, L. A., Gardiner, K. M., Choate-Summers, M. L., & Freeman, J. B. (2024) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2024.11.002 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationAddressing Comorbidities When Treating Anxious Youth
Palitz, S. A., Carper, M. M., Kagan, E. R., Aggarwal, R., Frank, H. E., Davis, J. P., & Kendall, P. C. (2017) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2017.1394802 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Comorbid ADHD: Implications for Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy of Youth with a Specific Phobia
Halldorsdottir, T. (2014) · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Strategies to Manage Common Co-occurring Psychiatric Conditions
Murphy, Y. E., Brennan, E., Francazio, S. K., & Flessner, C. A. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811427-8.00016-2
Enhanced Family Approaches in Childhood OCD
Sapyta, J. J., & Cowperthwait, C. M. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235655.021
Therapist Behaviors During Exposure Tasks and Treatment Outcomes for Anxious Youth
Buinewicz, S. A. P., Savage, C., & Kendall, P. C. (2025) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-025-10259-z
Automating Observational Coding of Psychotherapy Quality with Natural Language Processing (Preprint)Preprint
Benito, K., Jangraw, D. C., Kemp, J. J., Barker, D., Han, E., Norris, L. A., Danforth, C. M., Smits, J. A. J., Otto, M. W., Freeman, J. B., et al. (2026) · doi:10.2196/preprints.107147
Self-citation
- Authors
- Benito, K. G., Conelea, C., Garcia, A. M., & Freeman, J. B.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Benito, Kristen Grabill
- Venue
- Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-04
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 77-84
- ISSN
- 2211-3649 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3328968
- OpenAlex
- W2071920302
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 2.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R21MH060669, T32MH019927)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy, exposure therapy, pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder, mechanisms of change, therapist behavior, treatment outcome prediction, young children
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
