The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FOPQ): Assessment of Pain-Related Fear Among Children and Adolescents With Chronic Pain
Open accessAbstract
Unlabelled An important construct in understanding pain-related disability is pain-related fear. Heightened pain-related fear may result in behavioral avoidance leading to disuse, disability, and depression; whereas confrontation of avoided activities may result in a reduction of fear over time and reengagement with activities of daily living. Although there are several measures to assess pain-related fear among adults with chronic pain, none exist for children and adolescents. The aim of the current study was to develop a new tool to assess avoidance and fear of pain with pediatric chronic pain patients: the Fear of Pain Questionnaire, child report (FOPQ-C), and Fear of Pain Questionnaire, parent proxy report (FOPQ-P). After initial pilot testing, the FOPQ-C and FOPQ-P were administered to 299 youth with chronic pain and their parents at an initial multidisciplinary pain treatment evaluation. The FOPQ demonstrated very strong internal consistency of .92 for the child and parent versions. One-month stability estimates were acceptable and suggested responsivity to change. For construct validity, the FOPQ correlated with generalized anxiety, pain catastrophizing, and somatization. Evidence of criterion-related validity was found with significant associations for the FOPQ with pain, healthcare utilization, and functional disability. These results support the FOPQ as a psychometrically sound measure. Perspective Pain-related fear plays an important role in relation to emotional d…
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“moderate to high pain-related fear (Fear of Pain Questionnaire- FOPQ-C] ≥ 35)[57]”
From A randomized controlled trial of graded exposure treatment (GET living) for adolescents with chronic pain (2024) · cites this paper as [57]
In the citing paper
“Following the pre-treatment baseline phase, patients were randomized to one of two treatment conditions (GL or MPM) and were stratified by pain-related fear (low/moderate [FOPQ-C <50], and high [FOPQ-C=50–96]; derived from validation sample[57]) and functional disability (low/moderate [FDI<30] and severe [FDI=30–60][28]) to minimize the probability of imbalance between the two treatment arms.”
From A randomized controlled trial of graded exposure treatment (GET living) for adolescents with chronic pain (2024) · cites this paper as [57]
Citations
Cites
(1991) · Cited by 15,554
Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. (2005) · University of Massachusetts Amherst · doi:10.7275/jyj1-4868 · Cited by 10,297
A QUANTITATIVE APPROACH TO CONTENT VALIDITY1
LAWSHE, C. H. (1975) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x · Cited by 7,313
Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006 · Cited by 6,587
Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a state of the art.
Vlaeyen, J. W. S., & Linton, S. J. (2000) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00242-0 · Cited by 4,931
Waddell, G., Newton, M., Henderson, I., Somerville, D., & Main, C. J. (1993) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(93)90127-b · Cited by 3,167
Fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance
Vlaeyen, J. W. S., Kole-Snijders, A. M. J., Boeren, R. G. B., & van Eek, H. (1995) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)00279-n · Cited by 2,446
The fear-avoidance model of musculoskeletal pain: Current state of scientific evidence
Leeuw, M., Goossens, M. E. J. B., Linton, S. J., Crombez, G., Boersma, K., & Vlaeyen, J. W. S. (2007) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-006-9085-0 · Cited by 2,261
The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC): factor structure, reliability, and validity
MARCH, J. S., PARKER, J. D. A., SULLIVAN, K., STALLINGS, P., & CONNERS, C. K. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199704000-00019 · Cited by 2,236
Outline of a fear-avoidance model of exaggerated pain perception--I.
Lethem, J., Slade, P. D., Troup, J. D. G., & Bentley, G. (1983) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(83)90009-8 · Cited by 1,327
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 44 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–235 of 235
Agamov, A. (2016) · OpenBU (Boston University)
Impact of precipitating events on pediatric chronic pain recovery
Becker, A. J. (2016) · OpenBU (Boston University)
Klinimetrie bij kinderen en adolescenten
Verbunt, J., van Hoorn, J. F., & Goossens, M. E. J. B. (2019) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-2230-5_14
The Problem of Pain: Chronic Pain
Foxen-Craft, E. C., Williams, A. E., & Scott, E. L. (2020) · Issues in clinical child psychology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35598-2_13
Compra de opciones put sobre el S&P 500
Simón, G. (2010) · Inversión & finanzas: el primer semanario de bolsa, economía y gestión de patrimonios
Pain Disorder: A Biopsychosocial Disease
Kriszio, H., Wager, J., Dobe, M., Hechler, T., & Zernikow, B. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37816-4_2
(2012) · Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care · doi:10.1097/spc.0b013e328353e091
Lee, S., Genik, L. M., & McMurtry, C. M. (2018) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93542-3_20
Diagnostics of Chronic Pain in Children and Adolescents
Wager, J., Kriszio, H., Frosch, M., Dobe, M., Stahlschmidt, L., & Zernikow, B. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-19201-3_3
Will This Treatment Help My Child?
Nelson, S., Smith, A., Jervis, K., Silvia, M. N., & Randall, E. T. (2022) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000001068 · Cited by 1
Pain and Mind-Body Interactions
Bento, S. P., Millis, M. B., & Sieberg, C. B. (2023) · Contemporary pediatric and adolescent sports medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-25126-9_8
Self-citationCase report: Chronic pain in a pediatric patient with late-onset pompe disease
Cao, A., van Gool, R., Golden, E., Goodlett, B. D., Camelo, C. R., Bujoreanu, S. I., Al‐Hertani, W., & Upadhyay, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2023.1244609
Geers, A. L., Seligman, L. D., Pituch, K. A., Colagiuri, B., Marusak, H. A., Rabinak, C. A., Turner, N., Al-Ado, S. L., & Nedley, M. P. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01527-w
Geers, A. L., Seligman, L. D., Pituch, K. A., Colagiuri, B., Marusak, H. A., Rabinak, C. A., Al-Ado, S. L., Turner, N., & Nedley, M. P. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01580-5
Lunde, C. E., Dudek, M. R., Talbert, C., Sieberg, C. B., Silva, K. E., Papadelis, C. L., Ullrich, N. J., Manley, P. E., & Moulton, E. A. (2024) · Applied Neuropsychology Child · doi:10.1080/21622965.2024.2337208
Self-citationSmith, A., Silvia, M. N., Rogan, H., & Lebel, A. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11111338
Cederberg, J. T., Sundström, F., Lavefjord, A., Bartels, S. L., Wicksell, R. K., McCracken, L., & Goubert, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1610935
Short-Duration Systemic Lidocaine for the Management of Refractory Chronic Pain in Pediatrics
Riley, B. L., Shusterman, C., O’Neil, T., Donado, C., Lobo, K., Koka, A., Nelson, S., Ribeiro, M., Dinakar, P., Solodiuk, J. C., et al. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12101349
Gogola, A. M., & Gnat, R. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13202608
Harrison, L. E., Revol, J., Lafit, G., Ceulemans, E., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., & Simons, L. E. (2025) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003846
Self-citationSutherland, O., Underwood, L., Fletcher, B. D., & Waldie, K. E. (2025) · Neurodiversity · doi:10.1177/27546330251378646 · Cited by 1
Tacugue, N., Cashdollar, N. M., Randall, E. T., Nestor, B. A., Koike, C., Chimoff, J., Barrett, T., Sethna, N. F., Greco, C., & Kossowsky, J. (2026) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106200
Yürük, E., & Keklik, D. (2026) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2026.05.006
Huft, K., Gaydos, E. F., White, J. N., Pascual‐Diaz, S., Schubert-Hjalmarsson, E., Harrison, N., Moua, L., Hoeppli, M., Biggs, E. E., Stinson, J., et al. (2026) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003999
Self-citationGibler, R. C., Kashikar‐Zuck, S., Selhorst, M., Stinson, J., Simons, L. E., & Ittenbach, R. F. (2026) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000004019
Self-citationHanlon, S. L., Seymore, K. D., Potter, M. N., Bley, B. C., & Silbernagel, K. G. (2026) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-026-01850-6
Fatigue and pain in children with multiple osteochondromas: a cross-sectional study
Amajjar, I., Willigenburg, N. W., Smeets, R., & Ham, S. J. (2026) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-026-04476-2
Mesaroli, G., Xi, R., Tiessen, P. H., Kurup, U., Nishat, F., Killackey, T., Sucha, E., Simons, L. E., Stephens, S., Campbell, F. A., et al. (2026) · Canadian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1080/24740527.2026.2683648
Self-citationDaily Light Exposure Habits of Youth with Migraine and the Association with Headache Frequency
Gentile, C. P., Shah, R., de Prado, B. M., Raj, N. R., Szperka, C. L., Hershey, A. D., & Aguirre, G. K. (2026) · Neurology - the American medical journal. · doi:10.33590/neurolamj/6266960d
Ceniza-Bordallo, G., Jensen, M. P., & Miró, J. (2026) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106420
Plummer, K., Takashima, M., Richards, J., Mitchell, A. E., Young, A. D., Herbert, A., Jibb, L., Thailek, T., Meikle, B., McCarthy, M., et al. (2026) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000004095
Bas: een adolescent met pijn in een extremiteit
Goossens, M. E. J. B., & Verbunt, J. (2026) · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-3246-5_10
Morales, N., Lynch-Jordan, A. M., Peugh, J., Barnett, K. A., Connelly, M. A., Klages, K. L., Logan, D. E., Nelson, C. I., Nelson, S., Wakefield, E. O., et al. (2026) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106475
Self-citationHolley, A. L., Stoyles, S. A., Wilson, A. C., O’Brien, J. R., Palermo, T. M., Edwards, R. R., & Dieckmann, N. F. (2026) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106480
The Application of A Risk-Resilience Model in Pediatric Chronic Pain
Cousins, L. A. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/5475255
Metadata
- Authors
- Simons, L. E., Sieberg, C. B., Carpino, E., Logan, D., & Berde, C.
- Affiliations
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Simons, Laura E.
- Venue
- The Journal of Pain
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 677-686
- ISSN
- 1526-5900 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2073573551
- Cited by
- 235
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 12.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- fear of pain, chronic pain, pediatric chronic pain, adolescents, children, fear-avoidance beliefs, psychometric validation, parent proxy reporting, pain-related disability, pain catastrophizing, somatization, multidisciplinary pain management
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety, Avoidance Learning, Child, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological, Chronic Pain
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
