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The Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FOPQ): Assessment of Pain-Related Fear Among Children and Adolescents With Chronic Pain
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Unlabelled An important construct in understanding pain-related disability is pain-related fear. Heightened pain-related fear may result in behavioral avoidance leading to disuse, disability, and depression; whereas confrontation of avoided activities may result in a reduction of fear over time and reengagement with activities of daily living. Although there are several measures to assess pain-related fear among adults with chronic pain, none exist for children and adolescents. The aim of the current study was to develop a new tool to assess avoidance and fear of pain with pediatric chronic pain patients: the Fear of Pain Questionnaire, child report (FOPQ-C), and Fear of Pain Questionnaire, parent proxy report (FOPQ-P). After initial pilot testing, the FOPQ-C and FOPQ-P were administered to 299 youth with chronic pain and their parents at an initial multidisciplinary pain treatment evaluation. The FOPQ demonstrated very strong internal consistency of .92 for the child and parent versions. One-month stability estimates were acceptable and suggested responsivity to change. For construct validity, the FOPQ correlated with generalized anxiety, pain catastrophizing, and somatization. Evidence of criterion-related validity was found with significant associations for the FOPQ with pain, healthcare utilization, and functional disability. These results support the FOPQ as a psychometrically sound measure. Perspective Pain-related fear plays an important role in relation to emotional d…
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“moderate to high pain-related fear (Fear of Pain Questionnaire- FOPQ-C] ≥ 35)[57]”
From A randomized controlled trial of graded exposure treatment (GET living) for adolescents with chronic pain (2024) · cites this paper as [57]
In the citing paper
“Following the pre-treatment baseline phase, patients were randomized to one of two treatment conditions (GL or MPM) and were stratified by pain-related fear (low/moderate [FOPQ-C <50], and high [FOPQ-C=50–96]; derived from validation sample[57]) and functional disability (low/moderate [FDI<30] and severe [FDI=30–60][28]) to minimize the probability of imbalance between the two treatment arms.”
From A randomized controlled trial of graded exposure treatment (GET living) for adolescents with chronic pain (2024) · cites this paper as [57]
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Simons, L. E., Sieberg, C. B., Carpino, E., Logan, D., & Berde, C.
- Affiliations
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Simons, Laura E.
- Venue
- The Journal of Pain
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 677-686
- ISSN
- 1526-5900 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2073573551
- Cited by
- 235
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 12.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- fear of pain, chronic pain, pediatric chronic pain, adolescents, children, fear-avoidance beliefs, psychometric validation, parent proxy reporting, pain-related disability, pain catastrophizing, somatization, multidisciplinary pain management
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety, Avoidance Learning, Child, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological, Chronic Pain
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