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Sex and Age Differences in Coping Styles Among Children with Chronic Pain
Open accessAbstract
The purpose of this study was to examine sex and age differences in coping strategies among pediatric patients with chronic pain. Sex differences are reported in the adult pain and coping literatures, but little attention has been given to possible distinctions in coping styles in the pediatric chronic pain population. Investigating pain coping skills at an early age may provide clinicians with a better understanding of the evolution of characteristic coping styles and identify areas for intervention. Pain intensity (Visual Analog Scale), pain coping strategies (Pain Coping Questionnaire), and coping efficacy were assessed in children (ages 8-12 years) and adolescents (ages 13-18 years), presenting to a pediatric chronic pain clinic (n=272). Significant sex differences in coping strategies were found. After controlling for pain intensity, girls used social support seeking more than boys, while boys used more behavioral distraction techniques. Adolescents engaged in more positive self-statements (a cognitive strategy) than children. Both boys and girls showed a trend toward pain coping efficacy being negatively correlated with average pain intensity. For girls, pain coping efficacy was also significantly negatively correlated with internalizing/catastrophizing. However, no sex or age differences in coping efficacy were found. This study demonstrates the early emergence of sex- and aged-based preferences in coping strategies among children and adolescents with chronic pain. The findings establish a basis for further research on early social influences in the development of pain coping styles in males and females. Implications for further clinical research in this area are discussed.
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“Although Blacks are less likely than non-Hispanic Whites to report experiencing depression and anxiety, the chronicity of Major Depressive Disorder is higher among Black individuals than Caucasians, and Black patients are less likely to receive effective treatment and more likely than Whites to rate their depression as severe and disabling 237–241.”
From Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [241]
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“Black patients are less likely to receive effective treatment and more likely than Whites to rate their depression as severe and disabling 237–241.”
From Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [241]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lynch, A. M., Kashikar-Zuck, S., Goldschneider, K. R., & Jones, B. A.
- Affiliations
- Prisma Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lynch, Anne M.
- Venue
- Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-02
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 208-216
- ISSN
- 0885-3924 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2073692129
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 6.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Pain and Symptom Management (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
- Keywords
- chronic pain, pediatric chronic pain, coping strategies, sex differences, age differences, coping self-efficacy, pain intensity, social support seeking, positive self-statements, pain catastrophizing, internalizing problems, children, adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Psychology, Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Psychology, Child, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Pain, Sex Characteristics
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