Lack of Energy: An Important and Distinct Component of HIV-Related Fatigue and Daytime Function
Open accessAbstract
Context Fatigue is a prevalent symptom among adults living with HIV. There is increasing evidence that fatigue and energy are related, yet distinct constructs. Although HIV-related fatigue has been well studied, little is known about perceived energy and how it relates to fatigue, individual characteristics, and other symptoms. Objectives To describe the experience of perceived energy in adults with HIV and evaluate its relationship to demographic and clinical characteristics as well as symptoms of fatigue, sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, and daytime function. Methods The design was descriptive, comparative, and correlational. The sample of 318 adults with HIV completed a demographic questionnaire; the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale; and measures of fatigue, sleep disturbance, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and daytime function. Medical records were reviewed for disease and treatment data. Participants who reported a lack of energy were compared with those who did not on demographic, clinical, and symptom variables. Regression models of perceived energy and its interference with daytime function also were evaluated. Results Perceived lack of energy was highly prevalent (65%) and more strongly related to interference with daytime function than more general measures of fatigue severity, even when controlling for other characteristics and symptoms. Like other aspects of fatigue, lack of energy was associated with sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Lack of energy was more strongly related to morning fatigue than to evening fatigue. Conclusion Lack of energy interferes with daytime function and is not just the inverse of fatigue but a distinct perception that differs from fatigue.
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Energy, vitality and fatigue are interrelated concepts, with energy and vitality and fatigue sometimes seen as opposite ends of the same continuum.
“Energy, vitality and fatigue are interrelated concepts, with the first two and the last sometimes seen as opposite ends of the same continuum (although they may be distinct psychological constructs [11]).”
From Vitamins and Minerals for Energy, Fatigue and Cognition: A Narrative Review of the Biochemical and Clinical Evidence (2020) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Aouizerat, B. E., Gay, C. L., Lerdal, A., Portillo, C. J., & Lee, K. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Aouizerat, Bradley E.
- Venue
- Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-02
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 191-201
- ISSN
- 0885-3924 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3547130
- OpenAlex
- W2006671220
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Pain and Symptom Management (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (5 R01 MH074358)
- General Clinical Research Center in the UCSF (1 UL RR024131)
- NIH Roadmap K12 (KL2 RR024130)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Keywords
- daytime functioning, sleep disorders, anxiety, depressive symptoms, morning fatigue, fatigue severity, symptom interference
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Risk Factors, San Francisco, Sleep Wake Disorders, HIV Infections, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Risk Assessment, Lethargy
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