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Cited by 204Pain Management and Opioid UseHIV/AIDS Research and InterventionsHIV-related health complications and treatments

Pain in ambulatory AIDS patients. I: pain characteristics and medical correlates

Breitbart, William, McDonald, Margaret V, Rosenfeld, Barry, Passik, Steven D, Hewitt, David, Thaler, Howard, Portenoy, Russell K·1996·Pain
DOI 10.1016/s0304-3959(96)03215-0
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Abstract

The characteristics and impact of pain were evaluated in a prospective cross-sectional survey of 438 ambulatory AIDS patients recruited from health care facilities in New York City. More than 60% of the patients reported 'frequent or persistent pain' during the 2 wks preceding the study. Patients with pain reported an average of 2.5 different pains. On the 0-10 numerical scale of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), mean pain intensity 'on average' was 5.4 (SD = 2.2; range = 0-10), and mean pain 'at its worst' was 7.4 (SD = 2.0; range = 1-10). The pain-related functional interference index (sum of the seven item BPI subscale) was 42.6 (SD = 17.2; range = 0.70). Demographic variables were not associated with the presence of pain, but the number of current HIV-related symptoms, treatment for HIV-related infections, and the absence of antiretroviral medications were significantly associated with the presence of pain. Female gender, non-Caucasian race, and number of HIV-related physical symptoms were significantly associated with pain intensity. Presence of pain and increasing pain intensity were significantly associated with greater impairment in functional ability (Karnofsky Performance Status, BPI functional interference index) and physical symptom distress (Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale). Results demonstrate high levels of pain and pain-related functional impairment among patients with AIDS. The presence and intensity of pain are associated with more advanced HIV disease and pain intensity is also associated with demographic factors (gender, race).

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  • Emotional distress and psychosocial stress increase the likelihood of transition from acute to chronic musculoskeletal pain.

    “emotional distress and psychosocial stress have been shown to increase the likelihood of transitioning from acute to chronic musculoskeletal pain 18, 36, 37, 41, 42.”

    From Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [37]

  • Prospective studies suggest that pre-morbid psychological dysfunction is a risk factor for later development of many chronic pain conditions, including musculoskeletal pain and functional pain disorders.

    “prospective studies suggest that pre-morbid psychological dysfunction represents a risk factor for the future development of numerous chronic pain conditions including musculoskeletal pain and functional pain disorders 14, 36–39.”

    From Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [37]

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Authors
Breitbart, W., McDonald, M. V., Rosenfeld, B., Passik, S. D., Hewitt, D., Thaler, H., & Portenoy, R. K.
Affiliations
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
Corresponding author
Breitbart, William
ORCID
Venue
Pain
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
1996-12
Volume
68
Issue
2
Pages
315-321
ISSN
0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0304-3959(96)03215-0
OpenAlex
W2026706271
Cited by
204
References
16
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 8
FWCI
10.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Pain (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01mh049034-03)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (MH-49034)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › HIV-related health complications and treatments
Keywords
HIV infection, pain intensity, functional disability, Brief Pain Inventory, Karnofsky performance status, Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, HIV-related symptoms, antiretroviral therapy, demographic factors, gender differences, racial differences, outpatients
MeSH terms
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Ambulatory Care, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain Measurement, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Quality of Life, Regression Analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Logistic Models, Karnofsky Performance Status

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