Feasibility and Pilot Studies in Palliative Care Research: A Systematic Review
Open accessAbstract
Context Feasibility and pilot study designs are common in palliative care research. Finding standard guidelines on the structure and reporting of these study types is difficult.Objectives In feasibility and pilot studies in palliative care research, to determine 1) how commonly a priori feasibility are criteria reported and whether results are subsequently reported against these criteria? and 2) how commonly are participants' views on acceptability of burden of the study protocol assessed?Methods Four databases (OVID Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PubMed via caresearch.com.au.) were searched. Search terms included palliative care, terminal care, advance care planning, hospice, pilot, feasibility, with a publication date between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2013. Articles were selected and appraised by two independent reviewers.Results Fifty-six feasibility and/or pilot studies were included in this review. Only three studies had clear a priori criteria to measure success. Sixteen studies reported participant acceptability or burden with measures. Forty-eight studies concluded feasibility.Conclusion The terms "feasibility" and "pilot" are used synonymously in palliative care research when describing studies that test for feasibility. Few studies in palliative care research outline clear criteria for success. The assessment of participant acceptability and burden is uncommon. A gold standard for feasibility study design in palliative care research that includes both clear criteria for success and testing of the study protocol for participant acceptability and burden is needed. Such a standard would assist with consistency in the design, conduct and reporting of feasibility and pilot studies.
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As a feasibility study, sample size was not formally calculated; based on prior experience, resources available and the intervention format, a sample of 30 was judged sufficient to enable a decision about feasibility.
“As this was a feasibility study, sample size was not formally calculated. 31 Based on prior experience, resources available and the format of the intervention, we judged that a sample of 30 would be sufficient to enable a decision about feasibility to be made.”
From Feasibility of RESTORE: An online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy intervention to improve palliative care staff wellbeing. (2023) · cites this paper as [31]
Many feasibility studies are not powered to detect significant differences in outcomes; the focus is on whether the intervention looks promising and can be evaluated.
“Many feasibility studies are not powered to detect significant differences in outcomes, rather the focus is on whether the intervention looks promising and can be evaluated.”
From Feasibility of RESTORE: An online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy intervention to improve palliative care staff wellbeing. (2023) · cites this paper as [31]
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- Authors
- Jones, T. A., Olds, T. S., Currow, D. C., & Williams, M. T.
- Affiliations
- University of South Australia (AU)
- University of Technology Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Jones, Terry A.
- Venue
- Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-07
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 139-151.e4
- ISSN
- 0885-3924 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2609342647
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 0.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Pain and Symptom Management (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of South Australia
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative and Oncologic Care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics in Clinical Research
- Keywords
- feasibility study, pilot study, palliative care research, participant acceptability, participant burden, study design reporting, reporting guidelines, end-of-life care, advance care planning, hospice
- MeSH terms
- Feasibility Studies, Humans, Palliative Care, Pilot Projects
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