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Grief During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations for Palliative Care Providers
Open accessAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is anticipated to continue spreading widely across the globe throughout 2020. To mitigate the devastating impact of COVID-19, social distancing and visitor restrictions in health care facilities have been widely implemented. Such policies and practices, along with the direct impact of the spread of COVID-19, complicate issues of grief that are relevant to medical providers. We describe the relationship of the COVID-19 pandemic to anticipatory grief, disenfranchised grief, and complicated grief for individuals, families, and their providers. Furthermore, we provide discussion regarding countering this grief through communication, advance care planning, and self-care practices. We provide resources for health care providers, in addition to calling on palliative care providers to consider their own role as a resource to other specialties during this public health emergency.
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“the pathological or chronic grief may appear complicated (Lobb et al., 2010; Wallace et al., 2020).”
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“With the high COVID‐19 death rate in the UK, grief is likely to be implicated in mental health challenges (Wallace et al., 2020).”
From Living through lockdown: A qualitative exploration of individuals' experiences in the UK. (2022) · cites this paper as Wallace et al., 2020
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“25,26 An et al 11 further found that nurses worked irregular, and gradually increasing, hours during the COVID-19 pandemic, they had difficulties in finding protective equipment, and they had to provide care for more patients than they could.”
BackgroundZESA Holdings Megawatt Samora Machel, Z., Mapayi, E., Maunganidze, L., & Zirima, H. (2023) · International Journal of Social Science and Human Research · doi:10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i9-47 · Cited by 1
Evaluation of Hospital Pandemic Response Decisions to Design for Operational Flexibility
Lather, J. I., Ahmadi, S. Y., Akindele, N. A., & Harms, A. (2024) · ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering (i3CE) · doi:10.1061/9780784485248.029 · Cited by 1
Pirzada, S., Papineau, K., Pankratz, L., Gill, G. K., Hensel, J. M., Reynolds, K., Bolton, J. M., Hiebert, T., Olafson, K., El-Gabalawy, R. M., et al. (2024) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2024.2353974 · Cited by 1
“…retrospective studies on the impact of the pandemic on palliative care services (Ersek et al., 2021; Lopez et al., 2021; Moriyama et al., 2021), on understanding the complexities of palliative care provider grief (Kates et al., 2021; Rowe et al., 2021; Wallace et al., 2020; Bradshaw et al., 2022;)”
Reactions Among Mental Health Professionals During Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Cardinalli, J., Foster, E. M., Chand, R. R., Uphold, J., & Rosenfarb, I. F. (2024) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2024.2390448 · Cited by 1
“…loss of major milestones and opportunities, anxiety about infection, and an inability to properly grieve deaths due to strict health precautions and social distancing man-dates (Barney et al., 2023; Bertuccio & Runion, 2020; Kokou-Kpolou et al., 2020; Wallace et al., 2020; Zhai & Du, 2020).”
Albuquerque, S., Pennetta, G., Coelho, A., Pinto, R. J., & Delalibera, M. (2024) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2024.2417312 · Cited by 1
“This distancing and perception of low social support can intensify feelings of loneliness (Stroebe & Schut, 2021) and the risk for prolonged grief, depression and anxiety (Wallace et al., 2020).”
Wie ging es Trauernden in der Corona-Pandemie? Eine qualitative Studie
Blank, D., & Baumann, K. (2024) · Spiritual Care · doi:10.1515/spircare-2024-0037 · Cited by 1
Covid-19 Induced Psycho-Social Challenges: Implication for Christian Families in Uganda
Bukirwa, J. R. (2025) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2025.161001 · Cited by 1
Paul, F. A., Bhat, N., Dar, D. R., Ganie, A. U. R., Zargar, W. A., Ali, A., Saikia, P., Basistha, B., Akhter, R., & Choudhary, G. (2024) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2024.2369869 · Cited by 1
“A comprehensive approach was necessary for addressing grief and loss in the context of pandemic distress and its challenges (Wallace et al., 2020).”
Government Restrictions During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Depressive Symptoms Following Widowhood
Winkle, Z. V., & Konechni, B. A. (2025) · Demography · doi:10.1215/00703370-11790737 · Cited by 2
Announcements of Death During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study of Family Experiences
Avazeri, A., Bonin, J., Maneval, A., & Vorilhon, P. (2025) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.70221 · Cited by 1
“Health restrictions and social distancing aimed at limiting the spread of the virus to isolated patients at the end of their lives, both in hospitals and at home [4 – 9].”
The Experiences of Emergency Nurses During the Covid-19 Crisis: Factor Analysis
AlQurash, A. A., Thobaity, A. A., Al‐Moteri, M., Almalki, M., & Ahmari, W. A. (2020) · Health Notions · doi:10.33846/hn40703 · Cited by 1
“(C) In responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses and other healthcare providers experience grief due to the daily deaths of patients and related ethical issues because of the lack of medical supplies such as ventilators((12,13)).”
BackgroundEnsaio narrativo sobre processo de enlutamento frente a covid-19
Neto, O. M. D. S., dos Reis, M. L. A., Alexandrino, A., & Agra, G. (2020) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7562
Mental Health Issues during COVID-19 Pandemic: Directions for Future Research
Qoriah, A., & Husna, A. N. (2020) · International Seminar of Public Health and Education (ISPHE) · doi:10.4108/eai.22-7-2020.2300249 · Cited by 1
“Dynamic of grief on family members is related to social distancing/ isolation and inability to give proper funeral and burial for deceased patients [50].”
Chhabra, S. (2020) · Eastern Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.32677/ejms.2020.v05.i03.001 · Cited by 1
“comorbidities or a rather malignant course of the disease [12,13].”
BackgroundL’accompagnement spirituel en soins palliatifs, en contexte de Covid-19
Barreau, J.-M., & Cara, C. M. (2021) · Théologiques · doi:10.7202/1074675ar · Cited by 1
Pandemia Covid-19: Reflexões Sobre o Enlutamento / Covid-19 Pandemic: Reflections on Bereavement
Teixeira, P. T. F. (2021) · ID on line REVISTA DE PSICOLOGIA · doi:10.14295/idonline.v15i54.3008 · Cited by 1
Advocating for Patients at End of Life During COVID-19
Demoratz, M. (2021) · Professional Case Management · doi:10.1097/ncm.0000000000000502 · Cited by 1
Hernandez, J. M., di Ciccone, B. L., Thirlwell, S., Booth‐Jones, M., Aslam, S., & Greene, J. N. (2021) · Qualitative Research in Medicine & Healthcare · doi:10.4081/qrmh.2021.9690 · Cited by 1
Mitchell, L. K. (2020) · Comprehensive Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00018-2 · Cited by 1
Kromrey, B. (2021) · Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver) · Cited by 1
Perfil de Usuarios de Una Clínica Universitaria Durante El Estado de Alarma Sanitaria COVID 19
García, P. S., Saúl, L. Á., Carrasco, M. Á., & González-Brignardello, M. P. (2021) · Acción Psicológica · doi:10.5944/ap.18.1.29867 · Cited by 1
Recomendaciones para la provisión de atención paliativa a personas con COVID-19
Ramos-Guerrero, J. A., López-Elizalde, R., Huertas, L. A., Enríquez-López, C., de Alba-Verduzco, J. G., Flores-Munguía, O., Hernández-Flores, L. M., León-Alatorre, A., Nakamura-López, M., Narváez-Sarmiento, I., et al. (2021) · Gaceta Médica de México · doi:10.24875/gmm.20000710 · Cited by 2
Recommendations for the provision of palliative care to people with COVID-19
Ramos-Guerrero, J. A., López-Elizalde, R., Huertas, L. A., Enríquez-López, C., de Alba-Verduzco, J. G., Flores-Munguía, O., Hernández-Flores, L. M., León-Alatorre, A., Nakamura-López, M., Narváez-Sarmiento, I., et al. (2022) · Gaceta Médica de México · doi:10.24875/gmm.m21000587 · Cited by 1
Spiritual care in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: scoping review
Dantas, A. C., Araújo, J. N. D. M., Borges, B. E. C., da Silva, A. B., Medeiros, H. P. D. S., de Carvalho, L. M., & Vítor, A. F. (2022) · Rev Rene · doi:10.15253/2175-6783.20222381367 · Cited by 1
“Listening to the spiritual pain of the patient(2,17-19,21-25,27,29) 11(57.”
BackgroundInfluentialGabay, G., & Tarabeih, M. (2022) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228221137393 · Cited by 1
“…to follow traditional religious mandated rules and practices deprived family members of properly saying goodbye, leaving them with guilt, sadness, distress, feelings of neglect, and disenfranchised grief (Doka, 2002; Gabay & Tarabeih, 2022; Ramadas & Vijayakumar, 2021; Wallace et al., 2020).”
COVID-19 And Palliative Care: A bibliometric analysis
Shekhar, S. K. (2023) · Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management · doi:10.24083/apjhm.v18i1.1795 · Cited by 1
Corporate responsibility in implementing CSR during the Covid-19 pandemic
Erytatina, E. S. (2022) · COMMICAST · doi:10.12928/commicast.v3i2.5938 · Cited by 1
“Then, in the field of education, it also has an impact with the implementation of distance learning policies at all levels of education (Wallace et al., 2020).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Wallace, C. L., Wladkowski, S. P., Gibson, A., & White, P.
- Affiliations
- Saint Louis University (US)
- Eastern Michigan University (US)
- University of Kentucky (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wallace, Cara L.
- Venue
- Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-07
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e70-e76
- ISSN
- 0885-3924 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7153515
- OpenAlex
- W3016258882
- Cited by
- 635
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 103 · 2022: 140 · 2021: 173 · 2020: 112
- FWCI
- 52.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Pain and Symptom Management (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, grief, palliative care providers, anticipatory grief, disenfranchised grief, complicated grief, advance care planning, self-care, communication, social distancing, visitor restrictions, healthcare workers
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Communication, Grief, Humans, Palliative Care, Pneumonia, Viral, Self Care, Coronavirus Infections, Advance Care Planning, Pandemics
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