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Cited by 419

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Pediatric Anti-N-methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis—Clinical Analysis and Novel Findings in a Series of 20 Patients

Open access
Armangue, Thaís, Titulaer, Maarten J., Málaga, Ignacio, Bataller, Luis, Gabilondo, Iñigo, Graus, Francesc, Dalmau, Josep·2013·The Journal of Pediatrics
DOI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.10.011
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Abstract

Objective To report the clinical features of 20 pediatric patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. Study design Review of clinical data, long-term follow-up, and immunological studies performed in a single center in Spain in the last 4 years. Results The median age of the patients was 13 years (range, 8 months-18 years), 70% were female. In 12 patients (60%) the initial symptoms were neurologic, usually dyskinesias or seizures, and in the other 40% psychiatric. One month into the disease, all patients had involuntary movements and alterations of behavior and speech. All patients received steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or plasma exchange, and 7 rituximab or cyclophosphamide. With a median follow up of 17.5 months, 85% had substantial recovery, 10% moderate or severe deficits, and 1 died. Three patients had previous episodes compatible with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, 2 of them with additional relapses after the diagnosis of the disorder. Ovarian teratoma was identified in two patients, one at onset of encephalitis and the other one year later. Two novel observations (one patient each) include, the identification of an electroencephalographic pattern (“extreme delta brush”) considered characteristic of this disorder, and the development of anti-NMDAR encephalitis after herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). Conclusions The initial symptoms of pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis vary from those of the adults (more neurologic and less psychiatric in children), the development of a mono-symptomatic illness is extremely rare (except in relapses), and most patients respond to treatment. Our study suggests a link between post-HSE choreoathetosis and anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

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Metadata

Authors
Armangue, T., Titulaer, M. J., Málaga, I., Bataller, L., Gabilondo, I., Graus, F., & Dalmau, J.
Venue
The Journal of Pediatrics
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-04
Volume
162
Issue
4
Pages
850-856.e2
ISSN
0022-3476 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.10.011
OpenAlex
W2052186632
Cited by
419
References
21
FWCI
20.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Pediatric Anti-N-methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis—Clinical Analysis and Novel Findings in a Series of 20 Patients. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.10.011
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Armangue, T., Titulaer, M. J., Málaga, I., Bataller, L., Gabilondo, I., Graus, F., & Dalmau, J. (2013). Pediatric Anti-N-methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis—Clinical Analysis and Novel Findings in a Series of 20 Patients. The Journal of Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.10.011

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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.